- About MogDB
- Quick Start
- Characteristic Description
- Overview
- High Performance
- CBO Optimizer
- LLVM
- Vectorized Engine
- Hybrid Row-Column Store
- Adaptive Compression
- Adaptive Two-phase Hash Aggregation
- SQL Bypass
- Kunpeng NUMA Architecture Optimization
- High Concurrency of Thread Pools
- SMP for Parallel Execution
- Xlog no Lock Flush
- Parallel Page-based Redo For Ustore
- Row-Store Execution to Vectorized Execution
- Astore Row Level Compression
- BTree Index Compression
- Tracing SQL Function
- Parallel Index Scan
- Parallel Query Optimization
- Enhancement of Tracing Backend Key Thread
- Ordering Operator Optimization
- OCK-accelerated Data Transmission
- OCK SCRLock Accelerate Distributed Lock
- Enhancement of WAL Redo Performance
- Enhancement of Dirty Pages Flushing Performance
- Sequential Scan Prefetch
- Ustore SMP Parallel Scanning
- Statement Level PLSQL Function Cache Support
- High Availability (HA)
- Primary/Standby
- Logical Replication
- Logical Backup
- Physical Backup
- Automatic Job Retry upon Failure
- Ultimate RTO
- High Availability Based on the Paxos Protocol
- Cascaded Standby Server
- Delayed Replay
- Adding or Deleting a Standby Server
- Delaying Entering the Maximum Availability Mode
- Parallel Logical Decoding
- DCF
- CM(Cluster Manager)
- Global SysCache
- Using a Standby Node to Build a Standby Node
- Two City and Three Center DR
- CM Cluster Management Component Supporting Two Node Deployment
- Query of the Original DDL Statement for a View
- MogDB/CM/PTK Dual Network Segment Support
- Enhanced Efficiency of Logical Backup and Restore
- Maintainability
- Workload Diagnosis Report (WDR)
- Slow SQL Diagnosis
- Session Performance Diagnosis
- System KPI-aided Diagnosis
- Fault Diagnosis
- Extension Splitting
- Built-in Stack Tool
- SQL PATCH
- Lightweight Lock Export and Analysis
- DCF Module Tracing
- Error When Writing Illegal Characters
- Support For Pageinspect & Pagehack
- Autonomous Transaction Management View and Termination
- Corrupt Files Handling
- Compatibility
- Add %rowtype Attribute To The View
- Aggregate Functions Distinct Performance Optimization
- Aggregate Functions Support Keep Clause
- Aggregate Functions Support Scenario Extensions
- Compatible With MySQL Alias Support For Single Quotes
- current_date/current_time Keywords As Field Name
- Custom Type Array
- For Update Support Outer Join
- MogDB Supports Insert All
- Oracle DBLink Syntax Compatibility
- Remove Type Conversion Hint When Creating PACKAGE/FUNCTION/PROCEDURE
- Support Bypass Method When Merge Into Hit Index
- Support For Adding Nocopy Attributes To Procedure And Function Parameters
- Support For Passing The Count Attribute Of An Array As A Parameter Of The Array Extend
- Support Q Quote Escape Character
- Support Subtracting Two Date Types To Return Numeric Type
- Support table()
- Support To Keep The Same Name After The End With Oracle
- Support Where Current Of
- Support For Constants In Package As Default Values
- Support PLPGSQL subtype
- Support Synonym Calls Without Parentheses For Function Without Parameters
- Support For dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace
- Support for PIVOT and UNPIVOT Syntax
- Mod Function Compatibility
- Support for Nesting of Aggregate Functions
- ORDER BY/GROUP BY Scenario Expansion
- Support for Modifying Table Log Properties After Table Creation
- Support for INSERT ON CONFLICT Clause
- Support for AUTHID CURRENT_USER
- Support for Stored Procedure OUT Parameters in PBE Mode
- Database Security
- Access Control Model
- Separation of Control and Access Permissions
- Database Encryption Authentication
- Data Encryption and Storage
- Database Audit
- Network Communication Security
- Resource Label
- Unified Audit
- Dynamic Data Anonymization
- Row-Level Access Control
- Password Strength Verification
- Equality Query in a Fully-encrypted Database
- Ledger Database Mechanism
- Transparent Data Encryption
- Enterprise-Level Features
- Support for Functions and Stored Procedures
- SQL Hints
- Full-Text Indexing
- Copy Interface for Error Tolerance
- Partitioning
- Support for Advanced Analysis Functions
- Materialized View
- HyperLogLog
- Creating an Index Online
- Autonomous Transaction
- Global Temporary Table
- Pseudocolumn ROWNUM
- Stored Procedure Debugging
- JDBC Client Load Balancing and Read/Write Isolation
- In-place Update Storage Engine
- Publication-Subscription
- Foreign Key Lock Enhancement
- Data Compression in OLTP Scenarios
- Transaction Async Submit
- Index Creation Parallel Control
- Dynamic Partition Pruning
- COPY Import Optimization
- SQL Running Status Observation
- BRIN Index
- BLOOM Index
- Event Trigger
- Scrollable Cursor Support for Reverse Retrieval
- Support for Pruning Subquery Projection Columns
- Pruning ORDER BY in Subqueries
- Automatic Creation of Indexes Supporting Fuzzy Matching
- Support for Importing and Exporting Specific Objects
- Application Development Interfaces
- AI Capabilities
- Middleware
- Workload Management
- Installation Guide
- Upgrade Guide
- Administrator Guide
- Localization
- Routine Maintenance
- Starting and Stopping MogDB
- Using the gsql Client for Connection
- Routine Maintenance
- Checking OS Parameters
- Checking MogDB Health Status
- Checking Database Performance
- Checking and Deleting Logs
- Checking Time Consistency
- Checking The Number of Application Connections
- Routinely Maintaining Tables
- Routinely Recreating an Index
- Exporting and Viewing the WDR
- Data Security Maintenance Suggestions
- Slow SQL Diagnosis
- Log Reference
- Primary and Standby Management
- Column-store Tables Management
- Backup and Restoration
- Database Deployment Solutions
- Importing and Exporting Data
- High Available Guide
- AI Features Guide
- AI4DB: Autonomous Database O&M
- DBMind Mode
- Components that Support DBMind
- AI Sub-functions of the DBMind
- ABO Optimizer
- DB4AI: Database-driven AI
- AI4DB: Autonomous Database O&M
- Security Guide
- Developer Guide
- Application Development Guide
- Development Specifications
- Development Based on JDBC
- JDBC Package, Driver Class, and Environment Class
- Development Process
- Loading the Driver
- Connecting to a Database
- Connecting to the Database (Using SSL)
- Connecting to the Database (Using UDS)
- Running SQL Statements
- Processing Data in a Result Set
- Closing a Connection
- Managing Logs
- Example: Common Operations
- Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications
- Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files
- Example 2: Migrating Data from a MY Database to MogDB
- Example: Logic Replication Code
- Example: Parameters for Connecting to the Database in Different Scenarios
- Example: JDBC Primary/Standby Cluster Load Balancing
- JDBC API Reference
- java.sql.Connection
- java.sql.CallableStatement
- java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
- java.sql.Driver
- java.sql.PreparedStatement
- java.sql.ResultSet
- java.sql.ResultSetMetaData
- java.sql.Statement
- javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource
- javax.sql.DataSource
- javax.sql.PooledConnection
- javax.naming.Context
- javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory
- CopyManager
- JDBC-based Common Parameter Reference
- JDBC Release Notes
- Development Based on ODBC
- Development Based on libpq
- Psycopg2-Based Development
- Commissioning
- Stored Procedure
- User Defined Functions
- PL/pgSQL-SQL Procedural Language
- Scheduled Jobs
- Autonomous Transaction
- Logical Replication
- Extension
- MySQL Compatibility Description
- Dolphin Extension
- Dolphin Overview
- Dolphin Installation
- Dolphin Restrictions
- Dolphin Syntax
- SQL Reference
- Keywords
- Data Types
- Functions and Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Character Processing Functions and Operators
- Arithmetic Functions and Operators
- Dolphin Lock
- Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
- Advisory Lock Functions
- Network Address Functions and Operators
- Conditional Expression Functions
- Aggregate Functions
- System Information Functions
- Logical Operators
- Bit String Functions and Operators
- JSON-JSONB Functions and Operators
- Type Conversion Functions
- Compatible Operators and Operations
- Comment Operators
- Expressions
- DDL Syntax
- DML Syntax
- DCL Syntax
- SQL Syntax
- ALTER DATABASE
- ALTER FUNCTION
- ALTER PROCEDURE
- ALTER SERVER
- ALTER TABLE
- ALTER TABLE PARTITION
- ALTER TABLESPACE
- ALTER VIEW
- ANALYZE | ANALYSE
- AST
- CHECKSUM TABLE
- CREATE DATABASE
- CREATE FUNCTION
- CREATE INDEX
- CREATE PROCEDURE
- CREATE SERVER
- CREATE TABLE
- CREATE TABLE AS
- CREATE TABLE PARTITION
- CREATE TABLESPACE
- CREATE TRIGGER
- CREATE VIEW
- DESCRIBE TABLE
- DO
- DROP DATABASE
- DROP INDEX
- DROP TABLESPACE
- EXECUTE
- EXPLAIN
- FLUSH BINARY LOGS
- GRANT
- GRANT/REVOKE PROXY
- INSERT
- KILL
- LOAD DATA
- OPTIMIZE TABLE
- PREPARE
- RENAME TABLE
- RENAME USER
- REVOKE
- SELECT
- SELECT HINT
- SET CHARSET
- SET PASSWORD
- SHOW CHARACTER SET
- SHOW COLLATION
- SHOW COLUMNS
- SHOW CREATE DATABASE
- SHOW CREATE FUNCTION
- SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE
- SHOW CREATE TABLE
- SHOW CREATE TRIGGER
- SHOW CREATE VIEW
- SHOW DATABASES
- SHOW FUNCTION STATUS
- SHOW GRANTS
- SHOW INDEX
- SHOW MASTER STATUS
- SHOW PLUGINS
- SHOW PRIVILEGES
- SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS
- SHOW PROCESSLIST
- SHOW SLAVE HOSTS
- SHOW STATUS
- SHOW TABLES
- SHOW TABLE STATUS
- SHOW TRIGGERS
- SHOW VARIABLES
- SHOW WARNINGS/ERRORS
- UPDATE
- USE db_name
- System Views
- GUC Parameters
- Resetting Parameters
- Stored Procedures
- Identifiers
- SQL Reference
- MySQL Syntax Compatibility Assessment Tool
- Dolphin Extension
- Materialized View
- Partition Management
- Application Development Guide
- Performance Tuning Guide
- Reference Guide
- System Catalogs and System Views
- Overview
- Querying a System Catalog
- System Catalogs
- GS_ASP
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY_ACCESS
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY_FILTERS
- GS_AUDITING_POLICY_PRIVILEGES
- GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS
- GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS_ARGS
- GS_COLUMN_KEYS
- GS_COLUMN_KEYS_ARGS
- GS_DB_PRIVILEGE
- GS_ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS
- GS_ENCRYPTED_PROC
- GS_GLOBAL_CHAIN
- GS_GLOBAL_CONFIG
- GS_MASKING_POLICY
- GS_MASKING_POLICY_ACTIONS
- GS_MASKING_POLICY_FILTERS
- GS_MATVIEW
- GS_MATVIEW_DEPENDENCY
- GS_MODEL_WAREHOUSE
- GS_OPT_MODEL
- GS_PACKAGE
- GS_POLICY_LABEL
- GS_RECYCLEBIN
- GS_TXN_SNAPSHOT
- GS_UID
- GS_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_INFO
- GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY
- GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO
- GS_WLM_PLAN_ENCODING_TABLE
- GS_WLM_PLAN_OPERATOR_INFO
- GS_WLM_SESSION_QUERY_INFO_ALL
- GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY
- PG_AGGREGATE
- PG_AM
- PG_AMOP
- PG_AMPROC
- PG_APP_WORKLOADGROUP_MAPPING
- PG_ATTRDEF
- PG_ATTRIBUTE
- PG_AUTH_HISTORY
- PG_AUTH_MEMBERS
- PG_AUTHID
- PG_CAST
- PG_CLASS
- PG_COLLATION
- PG_CONSTRAINT
- PG_CONVERSION
- PG_DATABASE
- PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING
- PG_DEFAULT_ACL
- PG_DEPEND
- PG_DESCRIPTION
- PG_DIRECTORY
- PG_ENUM
- PG_EVENT_TRIGGER
- PG_EXTENSION
- PG_EXTENSION_DATA_SOURCE
- PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER
- PG_FOREIGN_SERVER
- PG_FOREIGN_TABLE
- PG_HASHBUCKET
- PG_INDEX
- PG_INHERITS
- PG_JOB
- PG_JOB_PROC
- PG_LANGUAGE
- PG_LARGEOBJECT
- PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA
- PG_NAMESPACE
- PG_OBJECT
- PG_OPCLASS
- PG_OPERATOR
- PG_OPFAMILY
- PG_PARTITION
- PG_PLTEMPLATE
- PG_PROC
- PG_PUBLICATION
- PG_PUBLICATION_REL
- PG_RANGE
- PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN
- PG_RESOURCE_POOL
- PG_REWRITE
- PG_RLSPOLICY
- PG_SECLABEL
- PG_SET
- PG_SHDEPEND
- PG_SHDESCRIPTION
- PG_SHSECLABEL
- PG_STATISTIC
- PG_STATISTIC_EXT
- PG_SUBSCRIPTION
- PG_SUBSCRIPTION_REL
- PG_SYNONYM
- PG_TABLESPACE
- PG_TRIGGER
- PG_TS_CONFIG
- PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP
- PG_TS_DICT
- PG_TS_PARSER
- PG_TS_TEMPLATE
- PG_TYPE
- PG_USER_MAPPING
- PG_USER_STATUS
- PG_WORKLOAD_GROUP
- PGXC_CLASS
- PGXC_GROUP
- PGXC_NODE
- PGXC_SLICE
- PLAN_TABLE_DATA
- STATEMENT_HISTORY
- System Views
- GET_GLOBAL_PREPARED_XACTS(Discarded)
- GS_ASYNC_SUBMIT_SESSIONS_STATUS
- GS_AUDITING
- GS_AUDITING_ACCESS
- GS_AUDITING_PRIVILEGE
- GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO
- GS_COMPRESSION
- GS_DB_PRIVILEGES
- GS_FILE_STAT
- GS_GSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_INSTANCE_TIME
- GS_LABELS
- GS_LSC_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_MASKING
- GS_MATVIEWS
- GS_OS_RUN_INFO
- GS_REDO_STAT
- GS_SESSION_CPU_STATISTICS
- GS_SESSION_MEMORY
- GS_SESSION_MEMORY_CONTEXT
- GS_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_SESSION_MEMORY_STATISTICS
- GS_SESSION_STAT
- GS_SESSION_TIME
- GS_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_SQL_COUNT
- GS_STAT_SESSION_CU
- GS_THREAD_MEMORY_CONTEXT
- GS_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- GS_WLM_CGROUP_INFO
- GS_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
- GS_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY
- GS_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS
- GS_WLM_PLAN_OPERATOR_HISTORY
- GS_WLM_REBUILD_USER_RESOURCE_POOL
- GS_WLM_RESOURCE_POOL
- GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY
- GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO
- GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO_ALL
- GS_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS
- GS_WLM_USER_INFO
- IOS_STATUS
- MPP_TABLES
- PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS
- PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS
- PG_COMM_DELAY
- PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM
- PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM
- PG_COMM_STATUS
- PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG
- PG_CURSORS
- PG_EXT_STATS
- PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS
- PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME
- PG_GROUP
- PG_GTT_ATTACHED_PIDS
- PG_GTT_RELSTATS
- PG_GTT_STATS
- PG_INDEXES
- PG_LOCKS
- PG_NODE_ENV
- PG_OS_THREADS
- PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS
- PG_PREPARED_XACTS
- PG_PUBLICATION_TABLES
- PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN_STATUS
- PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS
- PG_RLSPOLICIES
- PG_ROLES
- PG_RULES
- PG_RUNNING_XACTS
- PG_SECLABELS
- PG_SESSION_IOSTAT
- PG_SESSION_WLMSTAT
- PG_SETTINGS
- PG_SHADOW
- PG_STAT_ACTIVITY
- PG_STAT_ACTIVITY_NG
- PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK
- PG_STAT_BGWRITER
- PG_STAT_DATABASE
- PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS
- PG_STAT_REPLICATION
- PG_STAT_SUBSCRIPTION
- PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- PG_STAT_USER_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS
- PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES
- PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES
- PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES
- PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES
- PG_STATS
- PG_TABLES
- PG_TDE_INFO
- PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS
- PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS
- PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES
- PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL
- PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO
- PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO_OID
- PG_USER
- PG_USER_MAPPINGS
- PG_VARIABLE_INFO
- PG_VIEWS
- PG_WLM_STATISTICS
- PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS
- PLAN_TABLE
- PATCH_INFORMATION_TABLE
- Functions and Operators
- Logical Operators
- Comparison Operators
- Character Processing Functions and Operators
- Binary String Functions and Operators
- Bit String Functions and Operators
- Mode Matching Operators
- Mathematical Functions and Operators
- Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators
- Type Conversion Functions
- Geometric Functions and Operators
- Network Address Functions and Operators
- Text Search Functions and Operators
- JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators
- HLL Functions and Operators
- SEQUENCE Functions
- Array Functions and Operators
- Range Functions and Operators
- Aggregate Functions
- Window Functions(Analysis Functions)
- Security Functions
- Ledger Database Functions
- Encrypted Equality Functions
- Set Returning Functions
- Conditional Expression Functions
- System Information Functions
- System Administration Functions
- Configuration Settings Functions
- Universal File Access Functions
- Server Signal Functions
- Backup and Restoration Control Functions
- Snapshot Synchronization Functions
- Database Object Functions
- Advisory Lock Functions
- Logical Replication Functions
- Segment-Page Storage Functions
- Other Functions
- Undo System Functions
- Row-store Compression System Functions
- Statistics Information Functions
- Trigger Functions
- Event Trigger Functions
- Hash Function
- Prompt Message Function
- Global Temporary Table Functions
- Fault Injection System Function
- AI Feature Functions
- Dynamic Data Masking Functions
- Other System Functions
- Internal Functions
- Global SysCache Feature Functions
- Data Damage Detection and Repair Functions
- XML Functions
- Obsolete Functions
- Supported Data Types
- SQL Syntax
- ABORT
- ALTER AGGREGATE
- ALTER AUDIT POLICY
- ALTER DATABASE
- ALTER DATA SOURCE
- ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
- ALTER DIRECTORY
- ALTER EVENT
- ALTER EVENT TRIGGER
- ALTER EXTENSION
- ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
- ALTER FOREIGN TABLE
- ALTER FUNCTION
- ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
- ALTER GROUP
- ALTER INDEX
- ALTER LANGUAGE
- ALTER LARGE OBJECT
- ALTER MASKING POLICY
- ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
- ALTER OPERATOR
- ALTER PACKAGE
- ALTER PROCEDURE
- ALTER PUBLICATION
- ALTER RESOURCE LABEL
- ALTER RESOURCE POOL
- ALTER ROLE
- ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- ALTER RULE
- ALTER SCHEMA
- ALTER SEQUENCE
- ALTER SERVER
- ALTER SESSION
- ALTER SUBSCRIPTION
- ALTER SYNONYM
- ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION
- ALTER SYSTEM SET
- ALTER TABLE
- ALTER TABLE PARTITION
- ALTER TABLE SUBPARTITION
- ALTER TABLESPACE
- ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
- ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
- ALTER TRIGGER
- ALTER TYPE
- ALTER USER
- ALTER USER MAPPING
- ALTER VIEW
- ANALYZE | ANALYSE
- BEGIN
- CALL
- CHECKPOINT
- CLEAN CONNECTION
- CLOSE
- CLUSTER
- COMMENT
- COMMIT | END
- COMMIT PREPARED
- CONNECT BY
- COPY
- CREATE AGGREGATE
- CREATE AUDIT POLICY
- CREATE CAST
- CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY
- CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- CREATE DATABASE
- CREATE DATA SOURCE
- CREATE DIRECTORY
- CREATE EVENT
- CREATE EVENT TRIGGER
- CREATE EXTENSION
- CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
- CREATE FOREIGN TABLE
- CREATE FUNCTION
- CREATE GROUP
- CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
- CREATE INDEX
- CREATE LANGUAGE
- CREATE MASKING POLICY
- CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
- CREATE MODEL
- CREATE OPERATOR
- CREATE PACKAGE
- CREATE PROCEDURE
- CREATE PUBLICATION
- CREATE RESOURCE LABEL
- CREATE RESOURCE POOL
- CREATE ROLE
- CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- CREATE RULE
- CREATE SCHEMA
- CREATE SEQUENCE
- CREATE SERVER
- CREATE SUBSCRIPTION
- CREATE SYNONYM
- CREATE TABLE
- CREATE TABLE AS
- CREATE TABLE PARTITION
- CREATE TABLESPACE
- CREATE TABLE SUBPARTITION
- CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
- CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
- CREATE TRIGGER
- CREATE TYPE
- CREATE USER
- CREATE USER MAPPING
- CREATE VIEW
- CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
- CURSOR
- DEALLOCATE
- DECLARE
- DELETE
- DELIMITER
- DO
- DROP AGGREGATE
- DROP AUDIT POLICY
- DROP CAST
- DROP CLIENT MASTER KEY
- DROP COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY
- DROP DATABASE
- DROP DATA SOURCE
- DROP DIRECTORY
- DROP EVENT
- DROP EVENT TRIGGER
- DROP EXTENSION
- DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
- DROP FOREIGN TABLE
- DROP FUNCTION
- DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
- DROP GROUP
- DROP INDEX
- DROP LANGUAGE
- DROP MASKING POLICY
- DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
- DROP MODEL
- DROP OPERATOR
- DROP OWNED
- DROP PACKAGE
- DROP PROCEDURE
- DROP PUBLICATION
- DROP RESOURCE LABEL
- DROP RESOURCE POOL
- DROP ROLE
- DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
- DROP RULE
- DROP SCHEMA
- DROP SEQUENCE
- DROP SERVER
- DROP SUBSCRIPTION
- DROP SYNONYM
- DROP TABLE
- DROP TABLESPACE
- DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
- DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
- DROP TRIGGER
- DROP TYPE
- DROP USER
- DROP USER MAPPING
- DROP VIEW
- DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
- EXECUTE
- EXECUTE DIRECT
- EXPLAIN
- EXPLAIN PLAN
- FETCH
- GRANT
- INSERT
- LOCK
- MERGE INTO
- MOVE
- PREDICT BY
- PREPARE
- PREPARE TRANSACTION
- PURGE
- REASSIGN OWNED
- REFRESH INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW
- REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
- REINDEX
- RELEASE SAVEPOINT
- RESET
- REVOKE
- ROLLBACK
- ROLLBACK PREPARED
- ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
- SAVEPOINT
- SELECT
- SELECT INTO
- SET
- SET CONSTRAINTS
- SET ROLE
- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
- SET TRANSACTION
- SHOW
- SHOW EVENTS
- SHRINK
- SHUTDOWN
- SNAPSHOT
- START TRANSACTION
- TIMECAPSULE TABLE
- TRUNCATE
- UPDATE
- VACUUM
- VALUES
- SQL Reference
- MogDB SQL
- Keywords
- Constant and Macro
- Expressions
- Type Conversion
- Full Text Search
- System Operation
- DDL Syntax Overview
- DML Syntax Overview
- DCL Syntax Overview
- Subquery
- LLVM
- Alias
- Lock
- Transaction
- Ordinary Table
- Partitioned Table
- Index
- Constraints
- Cursors
- Anonymous Block
- Trigger
- INSERT_RIGHT_REF_DEFAULT_VALUE
- Appendix
- GUC Parameters
- GUC Parameter Usage
- GUC Parameter List
- File Location
- Connection and Authentication
- Resource Consumption
- Write Ahead Log
- HA Replication
- Query Planning
- Error Reporting and Logging
- Alarm Detection
- Statistics During the Database Running
- Load Management
- Automatic Vacuuming
- Default Settings of Client Connection
- Lock Management
- Version and Platform Compatibility
- Faut Tolerance
- Connection Pool Parameters
- MogDB Transaction
- Replication Parameters of Two Database Instances
- Developer Options
- Auditing
- CM Parameters
- Backend Compression
- Upgrade Parameters
- Miscellaneous Parameters
- Wait Events
- Query
- System Performance Snapshot
- Security Configuration
- Global Temporary Table
- HyperLogLog
- Scheduled Task
- Thread Pool
- User-defined Functions
- Backup and Restoration
- DCF Parameters Settings
- Flashback
- Rollback Parameters
- Reserved Parameters
- AI Features
- Global SysCache Parameters
- Multi-Level Cache Management Parameters
- Resource Pooling Parameters
- Parameters Related to Efficient Data Compression Algorithms
- Writer Statement Parameters Supported by Standby Servers
- Data Import and Export
- Delimiter
- Appendix
- Schema
- Information Schema
- DBE_PERF
- OS
- Instance
- Memory
- File
- Object
- STAT_USER_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_TABLES
- STAT_USER_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_USER_INDEXES
- STAT_SYS_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_TABLES
- STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_INDEXES
- STAT_ALL_TABLES
- SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_TABLES
- STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_INDEXES
- STAT_DATABASE
- SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE
- GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE
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gs_cgroup
Background
When jobs are batch processed in a cluster, loads on servers significantly vary due to the complexity of batch processing. To fully use cluster resources, you need to manage loads. gs_cgroup is a load management tool provided by MogDB. It can create default Cgroups and user-defined Cgroups, delete default and user-defined Cgroups, update resource quotas and allocations, display the configuration files of Cgroups and the Cgroup tree, and delete all Cgroups.
gs_cgroup creates Cgroups configuration files for the OS user of a database and generates Cgroups that the OS user sets in the OS. gs_cgroup also allows users to add or delete Cgroups, update Cgroup resource quotas, allocate CPU cores or I/O resources, set exception thresholds, and handle the exceptions. gs_cgroup is responsible only for Cgroups operations performed on the node where the current OS resides, and needs to be centrally configured across nodes by invoking the same statement.
For details, see "Resource Load Management" in Developer Guide.
Examples
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Commands executed by a common user or the database administrator:
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Prerequisites: The GAUSSHOME environment variable is used as the database installation directory and user root has created default Cgroups for common users.
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Create Cgroups and set corresponding resource quota so that jobs of the database can be specified to a Cgroup and use its resources. The database administrator creates Class Cgroups for each database user.
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Create class and workload Cgroups.
gs_cgroup -c -S class1 -s 40
Create the class1 Cgroup and allocate 40% of Class resources to it.
gs_cgroup -c -S class1 -G grp1 -g 20
Create the grp1 Workload Cgroup under the class1 Cgroup and allocate 20% of class1 Cgroup resources to the Workload Cgroup.
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Delete the created grp1 Cgroup and class1 Cgroup.
gs_cgroup -d -S class1 -G grp1
Delete the created grp1 Cgroup.
gs_cgroup -d -S class1
Delete the created class1 Cgroup.
NOTICE: If a Class Cgroup is deleted, its Workload Cgroups will be deleted as well.
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-
Update the resource quota for created Cgroups.
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Update dynamic resource quota.
gs_cgroup -u -S class1 -G grp1 -g 30
Update the resources allocated to the grp1 Workload Cgroup under the class1 Cgroup for the current user to 30% of class1 resources.
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Update the resource limitation quota.
gs_cgroup --fixed -u -S class1 -G grp1 -g 30
Set the number of CPU cores allocated to the grp1 Cgroup to 30% of cores allocated to its parent Cgroup class1.
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-
Update the range of the CPU cores in the mogdb Cgroup.
gs_cgroup -u -T mogdb -f 0-20
Update the number of CPU cores used by the mogdb process to 0-20.
NOTE: The -f parameter can only be used to set the range of the CPU cores in the mogdb Cgroup. For other Cgroups, if you need to set the number of cores, use the -fixed parameter.
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Set exception handling information. (class:wg group must exist.)
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Terminate a job under the class:wg Cgroup when job congestion lasts for 1200s or job execution lasts for 2400s.
gs_cgroup -S class -G wg -E "blocktime=1200,elapsedtime=2400" -a
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Specify the termination action performed when the size of spilled job data in the class:wg group reaches 256 MB or the size of broadcast job data in the group reaches 100 MB.
gs_cgroup -S class -G wg -E "spillsize=256,broadcastsize=100" -a
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Demote a job under the Class Cgroup when the total CPU time taken to execute the job on all nodes reaches 100s.
gs_cgroup -S class -E "allcputime=100" --penalty
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Demote a job under the Class Cgroup when the total time taken to execute the job on all nodes reaches 2400s and the skew of the CPU time reaches 90 percent.
gs_cgroup -S class -E "qualificationtime=2400,cpuskewpercent=90"
NOTICE: To set exception handling information for a Cgroup, ensure that the Cgroup has been created. Multiple specified thresholds are separated by commas (,). If no operation is specified, -penalty is used by default.
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Set the number of cores per CPU have for a Cgroup.
Set the range of cores for the class:wg Cgroup to 20% of Class cores.
gs_cgroup -S class -G wg -g 20 --fixed -u
NOTICE: The range of cores for the Class or Workload Cgroup must be specified by the -fixed parameter.
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Roll back the previous step.
gs_cgroup --recover
NOTE: The -recover parameter can only roll back the latest addition, deletion, or modification made to the Class and Workload Cgroups.
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View information about Cgroups that have been created.
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View Cgroup information in configuration files.
gs_cgroup -p
Cgroup configuration
gs_cgroup -p Top Group information is listed: GID: 0 Type: Top Percent(%): 1000( 50) Name: Root Cores: 0-47 GID: 1 Type: Top Percent(%): 833( 83) Name: mogdb:omm Cores: 0-20 GID: 2 Type: Top Percent(%): 333( 40) Name: Backend Cores: 0-20 GID: 3 Type: Top Percent(%): 499( 60) Name: Class Cores: 0-20 Backend Group information is listed: GID: 4 Type: BAKWD Name: DefaultBackend TopGID: 2 Percent(%): 266(80) Cores: 0-20 GID: 5 Type: BAKWD Name: Vacuum TopGID: 2 Percent(%): 66(20) Cores: 0-20 Class Group information is listed: GID: 20 Type: CLASS Name: DefaultClass TopGID: 3 Percent(%): 166(20) MaxLevel: 1 RemPCT: 100 Cores: 0-20 GID: 21 Type: CLASS Name: class1 TopGID: 3 Percent(%): 332(40) MaxLevel: 2 RemPCT: 70 Cores: 0-20 Workload Group information is listed: GID: 86 Type: DEFWD Name: grp1:2 ClsGID: 21 Percent(%): 99(30) WDLevel: 2 Quota(%): 30 Cores: 0-5 Timeshare Group information is listed: GID: 724 Type: TSWD Name: Low Rate: 1 GID: 725 Type: TSWD Name: Medium Rate: 2 GID: 726 Type: TSWD Name: High Rate: 4 GID: 727 Type: TSWD Name: Rush Rate: 8 Group Exception information is listed: GID: 20 Type: EXCEPTION Class: DefaultClass PENALTY: QualificationTime=1800 CPUSkewPercent=30 GID: 21 Type: EXCEPTION Class: class1 PENALTY: AllCpuTime=100 QualificationTime=2400 CPUSkewPercent=90 GID: 86 Type: EXCEPTION Group: class1:grp1:2 ABORT: BlockTime=1200 ElapsedTime=2400
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View the Cgroup tree in the OS.
gs_cgroup -P displays a Cgroup tree. In the tree, shares indicates the value of cpu.shares, which specifies the dynamic quota of CPU resources in the OS, and cpus indicates the value of cpuset.cpus, which specifies the dynamic quota of CPUSET resources in the OS (number of cores that a Cgroup can use).
gs_cgroup -P Mount Information: cpu:/dev/cgroup/cpu blkio:/dev/cgroup/blkio cpuset:/dev/cgroup/cpuset cpuacct:/dev/cgroup/cpuacct Group Tree Information: - mogdb:wangrui (shares: 5120, cpus: 0-20, weight: 1000) - Backend (shares: 4096, cpus: 0-20, weight: 400) - Vacuum (shares: 2048, cpus: 0-20, weight: 200) - DefaultBackend (shares: 8192, cpus: 0-20, weight: 800) - Class (shares: 6144, cpus: 0-20, weight: 600) - class1 (shares: 4096, cpus: 0-20, weight: 400) - RemainWD:1 (shares: 1000, cpus: 0-20, weight: 100) - RemainWD:2 (shares: 7000, cpus: 0-20, weight: 700) - Timeshare (shares: 1024, cpus: 0-20, weight: 500) - Rush (shares: 8192, cpus: 0-20, weight: 800) - High (shares: 4096, cpus: 0-20, weight: 400) - Medium (shares: 2048, cpus: 0-20, weight: 200) - Low (shares: 1024, cpus: 0-20, weight: 100) - grp1:2 (shares: 3000, cpus: 0-5, weight: 300) - TopWD:1 (shares: 9000, cpus: 0-20, weight: 900) - DefaultClass (shares: 2048, cpus: 0-20, weight: 200) - RemainWD:1 (shares: 1000, cpus: 0-20, weight: 100) - Timeshare (shares: 1024, cpus: 0-20, weight: 500) - Rush (shares: 8192, cpus: 0-20, weight: 800) - High (shares: 4096, cpus: 0-20, weight: 400) - Medium (shares: 2048, cpus: 0-20, weight: 200) - Low (shares: 1024, cpus: 0-20, weight: 100) - TopWD:1 (shares: 9000, cpus: 0-20, weight: 900)
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Parameter Description
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-a [-abort]
Terminates a job when it exceeds an exception threshold.
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-b pct
Specifies the percentage of resources of the Top Backend Cgroup taken by a Backend Cgroup. The -B backendname parameter must be specified as well.
Value Range
The value ranges from 1 to 99.
If this parameter is not set, the default CPU quota accounts for 20% of the Vacuum Cgroup and 80% of the DefaultBackend Cgroup, respectively. The quota sum for the Vacuum and DefaultBackend Cgroups must be less than 100%.
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-B name
Specifies the name of a Backend Cgroup. Only the -u parameter can be used to change the resource quota for this Cgroup.
The -b percent and -B backendname parameters need to be specified to set the resource proportion of database backend threads.
Value range: a string with a maximum of 64 bytes.
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-c
Creates a Cgroup and specifies its name.
A common user can specify -c and -S classname to create a Class Cgroup. If -G groupname is specified as well, a Workload Cgroup will be created under the Class Cgroup. The Workload Cgroup is at the bottom layer in the Class Cgroup (Layer-4 is the bottom layer.)
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-d
Deletes Cgroups.
A common user can specify -d and -S classname parameters to delete the created Class Cgroups. If the -G groupname parameter is specified as well, a Workload Cgroup under the Class Cgroup is deleted, and related threads are put into the DefaultClass:DefaultWD:1 Cgroup. If the Workload Cgroups to be deleted locate at a high level (Level 1 is the top level), adjust hierarchy of lower-level Cgroups, create the new Cgroups-related threads, and load them to the new Cgroups.
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-E data
Specifies the exception thresholds, including blocktime, elapsedtime, allcputime, spillsize, broadcastsize, qualificationtime, and cpuskewpercent. The thresholds are separated by commas (,). 0 indicates that the setting is canceled. If the parameter is set to an invalid value, an error will be prompted.
Table 2 Exception threshold types
Exception Threshold Type Description Value Range (0 Indicates Setting Canceled) Operation upon Exception blocktime Job blocking duration. The unit is second. blocktime includes the total time spent in global and local concurrent queuing. 0-UINT_MAX abort elapsedtime Execution time of a job that has not been finished. The unit is second. The time indicates the duration from the start point of execution to the current time point. 0-UINT_MAX abort allcputime Total CPU time spent in executing a job on all nodes. The unit is second. 0-UINT_MAX abort, penalty cpuskewpercent CPU time skew of a job executed on nodes. The value depends on the setting of qualificationtime. 0-100 abort, penalty qualificationtime Interval for checking the CPU skew. The unit is second. This parameter must be set together with cpuskewpercent. 0-UINT_MAX none spillsize Amount of job data spilled to disks on nodes. The unit is MB. 0-UINT_MAX abort broadcastsize Size of broadcast operators of a job on nodes. The unit is MB. 0-UINT_MAX abort -
-h [-help]
Displays the command help information.
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-H
Collects $GAUSSHOME information among the current users.
Value range: a string with a maximum of 1023 characters.
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-f
Specifies the range of core quantity used by the mogdb Cgroup. The range format can be a-b or a. For other Cgroups, use the -fixed parameter to set the range of core quantity.
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-fixed
Specifies the percentage of cores allocated for a Cgroup's parent group that the Cgroup can use, or specifies the I/O resources.
-fixed is set together with -s, -g, -t, and -b when the kernel range ratio is set.
The ratio is between 0 and 100. The sum of kernels of the same level is less than or equal to 100. The value 0 indicates that the kernel number of a level is same as that of the upper level. The CPU quota for all the Cgroups is set to 0 by default. -f and -fixed cannot be configured at the same time. After -fixed is set, the -f range will be automatically invalid. The ratio will be displayed in -p as the quota value.
When the I/O resource quota is set, -R, -r, -W, and -w are used together.
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-g pct
Specifies the percentage of resources in a Class Cgroup taken by a Workload Cgroup. The -G groupname parameter needs to be specified as well. The -g pct parameter can be used with the -c parameter to create a Cgroup or with the -u parameter to update a Workload Cgroup.
Value range: 1 to 99. By default, the CPU quota of a Workload Cgroup is 20%. The sum of CPU quotas for all Workload Cgroups must be less than 99%.
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-G name
Specifies the name of a Workload Cgroup. The -S classname parameter needs to be set to specify the Class Cgroup to which the Workload Cgroup belongs. The -G name parameter can be used with -c to create a Cgroup, with -d to delete a Cgroup, and with -u to update the resource quota for a Cgroup. Note that name in the -G name parameter cannot be a default Timeshare Cgroup name, including Low, Medium, High, and Rush.
If a user creates a Workload Cgroup, the name must contain any colons (:). Names of Cgroups must be different.
Value range: a string with a maximum of 28 bytes
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-N [-group] name
Shows the Cgroup name, class:wg for short.
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-p
Shows information about Cgroup configuration files.
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-P
Shows the structure of the Cgroup tree.
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-penalty
Demotes a job when the job exceeds an exception threshold. If no operation is specified, -penalty is used by default.
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-r data
Only updates the upper limit of data reading for I/O resources, that is, sets the value of blkio.throttle.read_bps_device. This parameter is a string consisting of major:minor value, in which major indicates the major device number of the disk to be accessed,minor indicates the minor device number, and value indicates the upper limit of the number of read operations. The upper limit ranges from 0 to ULONG_MAX, and 0 indicates that the number of read operations is not restricted. This parameter needs to be used with the -u parameter and Cgroup names. If both the Class Cgroup name and Workload Cgroup name are specified, this parameter is used for the Workload Cgroup.
Value range: a string with a maximum of 32 characters.
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-R data
Only updates the upper limit of I/O resources used to read data per second, that is, sets the value of blkio.throttle.read_iops_device. The value of this parameter is the same as that of the -r parameter. This parameter needs to be used with the -u parameter and Cgroup names. If both the Class Cgroup name and Workload Cgroup name are specified, this parameter is used for the Workload Cgroup.
Value range: a string with a maximum of 32 characters.
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-recover
Rolls back only the latest addition, deletion, or modification made to the Class and Workload Cgroups.
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-revert
Restores to the default status of the Cgroup.
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-D mpoint
Specifies a mount point. The default mount point is /dev/cgroup/subsystem.
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-m
Mounts the Cgroup.
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-M
Unmounts the Cgroup.
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-U
Specifies the database username.
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-refresh
Updates the status of the Cgroup.
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-s pct
Specifies the percentage of resources in the top Class Cgroup taken by a Class Cgroup. The -S classname parameter needs to be specified as well. The -s pct parameter can be used with the -c parameter to create a Cgroup or with the -u parameter to update a Class Cgroup.
Value range: 1 to 99. By default, the CPU quota of the Class Cgroup is set to 20%. In R6C10, the CPU quota of the Class Cgroup is set to 40%. During the upgrade, the quota is not updated. The sum of the CPU quota of the newly created Class Cgroup and the default DefaultClass quota must be less than 100%.
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-S name
Specifies the name of a Class Cgroup. This parameter can be used with -c to create a Cgroup, with -d to delete a Cgroup, or with -u to update resource quota for a Cgroup. The name of a sub-Class Cgroup cannot contain the colon (:).
Value range: a string with a maximum of 31 bytes.
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-t percent
Specifies the percentage of resources for top Cgroups (Root, mogdb: omm, Backend, and Class Cgroups). The -T name parameter needs to be specified as well. If this parameter is used to specify resource percentage for the -T Root Cgroup, the name shown in the Cgroup configuration file is Root. percent indicates the percentage of the value of blkio.weight, and its minimum value is 10%. The CPU resource quota, such as the value of cpu.shares cannot be changed. If this parameter is used to specify resource percentage for the mogdb:omm Cgroup, the parameter value indicates the percentage of CPU resources taken by the mogdb:omm Cgroup. (The cpu.shares value for the mogdb:omm Cgroup can be obtained based on the quota 1024 for the Root Cgroup and the condition that only one database is available for the current system.) The I/O resource quota is 1000 and will not change. If this parameter is used to specify resource percentage for the Class or Backend Cgroup, the parameter value indicates the percentage of resources in the mogdb Cgroup taken by the Class or Backend Cgroup.
Value range: 1 to 99. By default, the quota of the Class Cgroup is 60%, and the quota of the Backend Cgroup is 40%. Modify the quota of the Class Cgroup and automatically update the quota of the Backend Cgroup so that the sum quota of the Backend and Class Cgroups is 100%.
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-T name
Specifies the names of top Cgroups.
Value range: a string with a maximum of 64 bytes.
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-u
Updates Cgroups.
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-V [-version]
Displays version information about the gs_cgroup tool.
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-w data
Only updates the upper limit of I/O resources used to write data per second, that is, sets the value of blkio.throttle.write_bps_device. The value of this parameter is the same as that of the -r parameter. The -u parameter and the Cgroup name need to be specified as well. If both the Class Cgroup name and Workload Cgroup name are specified, this parameter is used for the Workload Cgroup.
Value range: a string with a maximum of 32 characters.
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-W data
Only updates the upper limit of I/O resources used to write data per second, that is, sets the value of blkio.throttle.write_iops_device. The value of this parameter is the same as that of the -r parameter. The -u parameter and the Cgroup name need to be specified as well. If both the Class Cgroup name and Workload Cgroup name are specified, this parameter is used for the Workload Cgroup.
Value range: a string with a maximum of 32 characters.
NOTE: Use the following method to obtain the major:minor value for the disk. For example, obtain the number of the disk corresponding to the /mpp directory.
df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 524173248 41012784 456534008 9% / devtmpfs 66059264 236 66059028 1% /dev tmpfs 66059264 88 66059176 1% /dev/shm /dev/sdb1 2920486864 135987592 2784499272 5% /data /dev/sdc1 2920486864 24747868 2895738996 1% /data1 /dev/sdd1 2920486864 24736704 2895750160 1% /mpp /dev/sde1 2920486864 24750068 2895736796 1% /mpp1 ls -l /dev/sdd brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 48 Feb 26 11:20 /dev/sdd
NOTICE: Check the disk number of sdd rather than sdd1. Otherwise, an error will be reported. If the length of I/O quota limitation after the upgrade exceeds the allowed maximum length of the string, the update will not be saved in the configuration file. If the maximum length of the string is set to 96 and I/O resources of more than eight disks are updated, the string limitation may be exceeded. The update will not be saved in the configuration file though the update succeeds.