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DBMS_RANDOM - Generating Random Data (Numbers, Strings and Dates) in MogDB with compat-tools

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Introduction to compat-tools

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Compat-tools is a set of compatibility tools. It aims to provide compatibility for necessary functions and system views tha are created for OSs migrated from other asynchronous databases to MogDB, thereby facilitating the follow-up system maintenance and application modification.

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compat-tools Download

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To install compat-tools, please download the tool of the latest version from https://gitee.com/enmotech/compat-tools.

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Features of compat-tools

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  1. runMe.sql: General scheduling script
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  2. Oracle_Views.sql: Compatible with Oracle database data dictionaries and views
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  3. Oracle_Functions.sql: Compatible with Oracle database functions
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  4. Oracle_Packages.sql: Compatible with Oracle database packages
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  5. MySQL_Views.sql: Compatible with MySQL database data dictionaries and views //TODO
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  6. MySQL_Functions.sql: Compatible with MySQL database functions //TODO
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MogDB Versions Supported By compat-tools

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Installing and Using compat-tools

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  1. \n

    Download compat-tools: https://gitee.com/enmotech/compat-tools

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    2. \n
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    Store the downloaded files to a customized directory (/opt/compat-tools-0902 is taken as an example in this article).

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    [root@mogdb-kernel-0005 compat-tools-0902]# pwd\n/opt/compat-tools-0902\n[root@mogdb-kernel-0005 compat-tools-0902]# ls -l\ntotal 228\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   9592 Sep  2 14:40 LICENSE\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root      0 Sep  2 14:40 MySQL_Functions.sql\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root      0 Sep  2 14:40 MySQL_Views.sql\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  41652 Sep  2 14:40 Oracle_Functions.sql\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  34852 Sep  2 14:40 Oracle_Packages.sql\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 125799 Sep  2 14:40 Oracle_Views.sql\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   4708 Sep  2 14:40 README.md\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    420 Sep  2 14:40 runMe.sql
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    3. \n
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    Switch to user omm.

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    su - omm
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    4. \n
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    Run the following command (26000 is the port for connnecting the database).

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    gsql -d mogdb -p 26000 -f /opt/compat-tools-0902/runMe.sql
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    5. \n
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Testing DBMS_RANDOM

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Log In to the mogdb Database

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[omm@mogdb-kernel-0005 ~]$ gsql -d mogdb -p 26000\ngsql ((MogDB x.x.x build 56189e20) compiled at 2022-01-07 18:47:53 commit 0 last mr  )\nNon-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)\nType \"help\" for help.\n\nmogdb=#
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SEED

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The SEED procedure allows you to seed the pseudo-random number generator, making it more random. SEED is limited to binary integers or strings up to 2000 characters. If you want to consistently generate the same set of pseudo-random numbers, always use the same seed.

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declare\nBEGIN\n  DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Run 1 : seed=0');\n  DBMS_RANDOM.seed (val => 0);\n  FOR i IN 1 ..5 LOOP\n    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('i=' || i || ' : value=' || DBMS_RANDOM.value(low => 1, high => 10));\n  END LOOP;\n\n  DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Run 2 : seed=0');\n  DBMS_RANDOM.seed (val => 0);\n  FOR i IN 1 ..5 LOOP\n    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('i=' || i || ' : value=' || DBMS_RANDOM.value(low => 1, high => 10));\n  END LOOP;\n\nEND;\n/\nNOTICE:  Run 1 : seed=0\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('Run 1 : seed=0')\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 3 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  i=1 : value=2.53745232429355\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('i=' || i || ' : value=' || DBMS_RANDOM.value(low => 1, high => 10))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 6 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  i=2 : value=7.749117821455\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('i=' || i || ' : value=' || DBMS_RANDOM.value(low => 1, high => 10))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 6 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  i=3 : value=1.86734489817172\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('i=' || i || ' : value=' || DBMS_RANDOM.value(low => 1, high => 10))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 6 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  i=4 : value=8.83418704243377\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('i=' || i || ' : value=' || DBMS_RANDOM.value(low => 1, high => 10))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 6 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  i=5 : value=6.19573155790567\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('i=' || i || ' : value=' || DBMS_RANDOM.value(low => 1, high => 10))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 6 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  Run 2 : seed=0\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('Run 2 : seed=0')\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 9 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  i=1 : value=2.53745232429355\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('i=' || i || ' : value=' || DBMS_RANDOM.value(low => 1, high => 10))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 12 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  i=2 : value=7.749117821455\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('i=' || i || ' : value=' || DBMS_RANDOM.value(low => 1, high => 10))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 12 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  i=3 : value=1.86734489817172\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('i=' || i || ' : value=' || DBMS_RANDOM.value(low => 1, high => 10))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 12 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  i=4 : value=8.83418704243377\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('i=' || i || ' : value=' || DBMS_RANDOM.value(low => 1, high => 10))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 12 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  i=5 : value=6.19573155790567\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('i=' || i || ' : value=' || DBMS_RANDOM.value(low => 1, high => 10))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 12 at PERFORM\nANONYMOUS BLOCK EXECUTE\nmogdb=#
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VALUE

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The VALUE function is used to produce random numbers with a specified range. When called without parameters it produce a number greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1, with 38 digit precision.

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DECLARE\nBEGIN\n  FOR cur_rec IN 1 ..5 LOOP\n    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('value= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.value());\n  END LOOP;\nEND;\n/\nNOTICE:  value= .785799258388579\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('value= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.value())\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  value= .692194153089076\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('value= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.value())\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  value= .368766269646585\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('value= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.value())\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  value= .87390407640487\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('value= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.value())\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  value= .745095098391175\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('value= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.value())\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nANONYMOUS BLOCK EXECUTE
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If the parameters are used, the resulting number will be greater than or equal to the low value and less than the high value, with the precision restricted by the size of the high value.

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declare\nBEGIN\n  FOR cur_rec IN 1 ..5 LOOP\n    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('value(1,100)= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.value(1,100));\n  END LOOP;\nEND;\n/\n\nNOTICE:  value(1,100)= 45.158544998616\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('value(1,100)= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.value(1,100))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  value(1,100)= 36.0190920610912\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('value(1,100)= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.value(1,100))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  value(1,100)= 73.5194435422309\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('value(1,100)= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.value(1,100))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  value(1,100)= 26.7619780991226\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('value(1,100)= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.value(1,100))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  value(1,100)= 40.035083710216\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('value(1,100)= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.value(1,100))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nANONYMOUS BLOCK EXECUTE\nmogdb=#
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Use TRUNC or ROUND to alter the precision as required. For example, to produce random integer values between 1 and 10 truncate the output and add 1 to the upper boundary.

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mogdb=# select TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(1,11)) ;\n\n trunc\n-------\n\n     6\n\n(1 row)\n\nmogdb=#
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STRING

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The STRING function returns a string of random characters of the specified length. The OPT parameter determines the type of string produced as follows:

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The LEN parameter, not surprisingly, specifies the length of the string returned.

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declare\nBEGIN\n  FOR i IN 1 .. 5 LOOP\n    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('string(''x'',10)= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.string('x',10));\n  END LOOP;\nEND;\n/\n\nNOTICE:  string('x',10)= i5S6XOZxrA\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('string(''x'',10)= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.string('x',10))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  string('x',10)= HGvRm75w19\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('string(''x'',10)= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.string('x',10))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  string('x',10)= N9WsQGJl6l\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('string(''x'',10)= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.string('x',10))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  string('x',10)= hDlPevVgRb\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('string(''x'',10)= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.string('x',10))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  string('x',10)= ZdSd8x8RKx\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('string(''x'',10)= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.string('x',10))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nANONYMOUS BLOCK EXECUTE\nmogdb=#
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Combine the STRING and VALUE functions to get variable length strings.

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declare\nBEGIN\n  FOR i IN 1 .. 5 LOOP\n    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('string(''L'',?)= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.string('L',TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(10,21))));\n  END LOOP;\nEND;\n/\n\nNOTICE:  string('L',?)= kcyzowdxqbyzu\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('string(''L'',?)= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.string('L',TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(10,21))))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  string('L',?)= ohzpljyatsplqtbbus\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('string(''L'',?)= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.string('L',TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(10,21))))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  string('L',?)= hbrjsfeevoi\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('string(''L'',?)= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.string('L',TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(10,21))))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  string('L',?)= lfsapmytdamvwcw\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('string(''L'',?)= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.string('L',TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(10,21))))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  string('L',?)= pcvtxnwzomkqwpfzes\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('string(''L'',?)= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.string('L',TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(10,21))))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nANONYMOUS BLOCK EXECUTE\nmogdb=#
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NORMAL

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The NORMAL function returns random numbers in a normal distribution.

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declare\nBEGIN\n  FOR cur_rec IN 1 ..5 LOOP\n    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('normal= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.normal());\n  END LOOP;\nEND;\n/\n\nNOTICE:  normal= .838851847718988\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('normal= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.normal())\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  normal= -.523612260373397\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('normal= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.normal())\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  normal= -.241931681458075\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('normal= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.normal())\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  normal= -.120847761874286\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('normal= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.normal())\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  normal= .360125112757284\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('normal= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.normal())\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nANONYMOUS BLOCK EXECUTE\nmogdb=#
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RANDOM

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declare\nBEGIN\n  FOR i IN 1 .. 5 LOOP\n    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('random= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.random());\n  END LOOP;\nEND;\n/\nNOTICE:  This function is deprecated with Release 11gR1, although currently supported, it should not be used.\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('random= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.random())\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  random= -1023930867\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('random= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.random())\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  This function is deprecated with Release 11gR1, although currently supported, it should not be used.\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('random= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.random())\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  random= 1068572119\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('random= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.random())\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  This function is deprecated with Release 11gR1, although currently supported, it should not be used.\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('random= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.random())\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  random= 95361253\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('random= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.random())\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  This function is deprecated with Release 11gR1, although currently supported, it should not be used.\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('random= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.random())\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  random= -712638729\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('random= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.random())\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  This function is deprecated with Release 11gR1, although currently supported, it should not be used.\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('random= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.random())\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  random= -1251059926\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('random= ' || DBMS_RANDOM.random())\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nANONYMOUS BLOCK EXECUTE\nmogdb=#
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Generating Random Dates

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There are no specific functions for generating random dates currently, but we can add random numbers to an existing date to make it random. The following example generates random dates over the next year.

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declare\nBEGIN\n  FOR i IN 1 .. 5 LOOP\n    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('date= ' || TRUNC(SYSDATE + DBMS_RANDOM.value(0,366)));\n  END LOOP;\nEND;\n/\n\nNOTICE:  date= 2021-10-06 00:00:00\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('date= ' || TRUNC(SYSDATE + DBMS_RANDOM.value(0,366)))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  date= 2022-05-09 00:00:00\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('date= ' || TRUNC(SYSDATE + DBMS_RANDOM.value(0,366)))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  date= 2022-04-07 00:00:00\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('date= ' || TRUNC(SYSDATE + DBMS_RANDOM.value(0,366)))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  date= 2021-11-29 00:00:00\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('date= ' || TRUNC(SYSDATE + DBMS_RANDOM.value(0,366)))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  date= 2022-06-04 00:00:00\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('date= ' || TRUNC(SYSDATE + DBMS_RANDOM.value(0,366)))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 4 at PERFORM\nANONYMOUS BLOCK EXECUTE\nmogdb=#
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By doing the correct divisions, we can add random numbers of hours, seconds or minutes to a date.

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DECLARE\n  l_hours_in_day NUMBER := 24;\n  l_mins_in_day  NUMBER := 24*60;\n  l_secs_in_day  NUMBER := 24*60*60;\nBEGIN\n  FOR i IN 1 .. 5 LOOP\n    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('hours= ' || (TRUNC(SYSDATE) + (TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(0,1000))/l_hours_in_day)));\n  END LOOP;\n  FOR i IN 1 .. 5 LOOP\n    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('mins = ' || (TRUNC(SYSDATE) + (TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(0,1000))/l_mins_in_day)));\n  END LOOP;\n  FOR i IN 1 .. 5 LOOP\n    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('secs = ' || (TRUNC(SYSDATE) + (TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(0,1000))/l_secs_in_day)));\n  END LOOP;\nEND;\n/\nNOTICE:  hours= 2021-10-13 22:00:00\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('hours= ' || (TRUNC(SYSDATE)+ (TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(0,1000))/l_hours_in_day)))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 6 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  hours= 2021-10-10 00:00:00\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('hours= ' || (TRUNC(SYSDATE)+ (TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(0,1000))/l_hours_in_day)))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 6 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  hours= 2021-09-07 02:00:00\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('hours= ' || (TRUNC(SYSDATE)+ (TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(0,1000))/l_hours_in_day)))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 6 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  hours= 2021-09-26 11:00:00\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('hours= ' || (TRUNC(SYSDATE)+ (TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(0,1000))/l_hours_in_day)))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 6 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  hours= 2021-09-19 22:00:00\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('hours= ' || (TRUNC(SYSDATE)+ (TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(0,1000))/l_hours_in_day)))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 6 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  mins = 2021-09-04 00:01:00\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('mins = ' || (TRUNC(SYSDATE)+ (TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(0,1000))/l_mins_in_day)))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 9 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  mins = 2021-09-04 11:56:00\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('mins = ' || (TRUNC(SYSDATE)+ (TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(0,1000))/l_mins_in_day)))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 9 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  mins = 2021-09-04 00:53:00\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('mins = ' || (TRUNC(SYSDATE)+ (TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(0,1000))/l_mins_in_day)))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 9 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  mins = 2021-09-04 00:21:00\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('mins = ' || (TRUNC(SYSDATE)+ (TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(0,1000))/l_mins_in_day)))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 9 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  mins = 2021-09-04 12:38:00\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('mins = ' || (TRUNC(SYSDATE)+ (TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(0,1000))/l_mins_in_day)))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 9 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  secs = 2021-09-04 00:10:28\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('secs = ' || (TRUNC(SYSDATE)+ (TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(0,1000))/l_secs_in_day)))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 12 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  secs = 2021-09-04 00:15:31\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('secs = ' || (TRUNC(SYSDATE)+ (TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(0,1000))/l_secs_in_day)))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 12 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  secs = 2021-09-04 00:09:07\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('secs = ' || (TRUNC(SYSDATE)+ (TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(0,1000))/l_secs_in_day)))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 12 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  secs = 2021-09-04 00:06:54\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('secs = ' || (TRUNC(SYSDATE)+ (TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(0,1000))/l_secs_in_day)))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 12 at PERFORM\nNOTICE:  secs = 2021-09-04 00:06:32\nCONTEXT:  SQL statement \"CALL dbms_output.put_line('secs = ' || (TRUNC(SYSDATE)+ (TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(0,1000))/l_secs_in_day)))\"\nPL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 12 at PERFORM\nANONYMOUS BLOCK EXECUTE\nmogdb=#
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Generating Random Data

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The DBMS_RANDOM package is useful for generating random test data. You can generate large amounts quickly by combining it into a query.

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mogdb=# CREATE TABLE random_data (\n  id           NUMBER,\n  small_number NUMBER(5),\n  big_number   NUMBER,\n  short_string VARCHAR2(50),\n  long_string  VARCHAR2(400),\n  created_date DATE,\n  CONSTRAINT random_data_pk PRIMARY KEY (id)\n);\nNOTICE:  CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index \"random_data_pk\" for table \"random_data\"\nCREATE TABLE\nmogdb=#
\n
mogdb=# INSERT INTO random_data\nSELECT generate_series(1,29999),\n       TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(1,5)) AS small_number,\n       TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(100,10000)) AS big_number,\n       DBMS_RANDOM.string('L',TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(10,50))) AS short_string,\n       DBMS_RANDOM.string('L',TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.value(100,400))) AS long_string,\n       TRUNC(SYSDATE + DBMS_RANDOM.value(0,366)) AS created_date;\nINSERT 0 29999\nmogdb=#\nmogdb=#  select count(*) from random_data;\n count\n-------\n 29999\n(1 row)\n\nmogdb=#
","tableOfContents":"","frontmatter":{"title":"DBMS_RANDOM - Generating Random Data (Numbers, Strings and Dates) in MogDB with compat-tools","summary":"DBMS_RANDOM - Generating Random Data (Numbers, Strings and Dates) in MogDB with compat-tools"}},"toc":{"rawMarkdownBody":"\n\n# MogDB Documentation 3.0\n\n## Documentation List\n\n+ About MogDB\n + [MogDB Introduction](/overview.md)\n + [Comparison Between MogDB and openGauss](/about-mogdb/MogDB-compared-to-openGauss.md)\n + MogDB Release Notes\n + [Overview](/about-mogdb/mogdb-new-feature/release-note.md)\n + [MogDB 3.0.7](/about-mogdb/mogdb-new-feature/3.0.7.md)\n + [MogDB 3.0.6](/about-mogdb/mogdb-new-feature/3.0.6.md)\n + [MogDB 3.0.5](/about-mogdb/mogdb-new-feature/3.0.5.md)\n + [MogDB 3.0.4](/about-mogdb/mogdb-new-feature/3.0.4.md)\n + [MogDB 3.0.3](/about-mogdb/mogdb-new-feature/3.0.3.md)\n + [MogDB 3.0.2](/about-mogdb/mogdb-new-feature/3.0.2.md)\n + [MogDB 3.0.1](/about-mogdb/mogdb-new-feature/3.0.1.md)\n + [MogDB 3.0.0](/about-mogdb/mogdb-new-feature/3.0.0.md)\n + Open Source Components\n + [Docker-based MogDB](/about-mogdb/open-source-components/2-docker-based-mogdb.md)\n + [compat-tools](/about-mogdb/open-source-components/compat-tools.md)\n + [mogdb-monitor](/about-mogdb/open-source-components/mogdb-monitor.md)\n + [wal2json](/about-mogdb/open-source-components/5-wal2json-extention-for-mogdb&opengauss.md)\n + [mog_filedump](/about-mogdb/open-source-components/mog_filedump.md)\n + [mog_xlogdump](/about-mogdb/open-source-components/mog_xlogdump.md)\n + [Usage Limitations](/about-mogdb/usage-limitations.md)\n + [Terms of Use](/about-mogdb/terms-of-use.md)\n+ Quick Start\n + [MogDB Playground](/quick-start/mogdb-playground.md)\n + [Container-based MogDB Installation](/quick-start/container-based-installation.md)\n + [Installation on a Single Node](/quick-start/installation-on-a-single-node.md)\n + MogDB Access\n + Use CLI to Access MogDB\n + [gsql](/quick-start/mogdb-access/use-cli-to-access-mogdb/gsql.md)\n + [pgcli](/quick-start/mogdb-access/use-cli-to-access-mogdb/pgcli.md)\n + Use GUI to Access MogDB\n + [Data Studio](/quick-start/mogdb-access/use-gui-tools-to-access-mogdb/datastudio.md)\n + [DBeaver](/quick-start/mogdb-access/use-gui-tools-to-access-mogdb/dbeaver.md)\n + [Mogeaver](/quick-start/mogdb-access/use-gui-tools-to-access-mogdb/mogeaver-usage.md)\n + Use Middleware to Access MogDB\n + [Use WebLogic to Configure MogDB Data Sources](/quick-start/mogdb-access/use-middleware-to-access-mogdb/weblogic-configures-mogdb-data-source-reference.md)\n + [Use WebSphere to Configure MogDB Data Sources](/quick-start/mogdb-access/use-middleware-to-access-mogdb/websphere-configures-mogdb-data-source-reference.md)\n + Use Programming Language to Access MogDB\n + [Java](/quick-start/mogdb-access/use-programming-language-to-access-mogdb/java.md)\n + [C/C++](/quick-start/mogdb-access/use-programming-language-to-access-mogdb/c-cpp.md)\n + [Python](/quick-start/mogdb-access/use-programming-language-to-access-mogdb/python.md)\n + [Go](/quick-start/mogdb-access/use-programming-language-to-access-mogdb/go.md)\n + [Rust](/quick-start/mogdb-access/use-programming-language-to-access-mogdb/rust.md)\n + [NodeJS](/quick-start/mogdb-access/use-programming-language-to-access-mogdb/nodejs.md)\n + [.Net](quick-start/mogdb-access/use-programming-language-to-access-mogdb/adonet.md)\n + [Using Sample Dataset Mogila](/quick-start/mogila.md)\n+ Characteristic Description\n + [Overview](/characteristic-description/characteristic-description-overview.md)\n + High Performance\n + [CBO Optimizer](/characteristic-description/high-performance/1-cbo-optimizer.md)\n + [LLVM](/characteristic-description/high-performance/2-llvm.md)\n + [Vectorized Engine](/characteristic-description/high-performance/3-vectorized-engine.md)\n + [Hybrid Row-Column Store](/characteristic-description/high-performance/4-hybrid-row-column-store.md)\n + [Adaptive Compression](/characteristic-description/high-performance/5-adaptive-compression.md)\n + [SQL by pass](/characteristic-description/high-performance/6-sql-by-pass.md)\n + [Kunpeng NUMA Architecture Optimization](/characteristic-description/high-performance/7-kunpeng-numa-architecture-optimization.md)\n + [High Concurrency of Thread Pools](/characteristic-description/high-performance/8-high-concurrency-of-thread-pools.md)\n + [SMP for Parallel Execution](/characteristic-description/high-performance/9-smp-for-parallel-execution.md)\n + [Xlog no Lock Flush](/characteristic-description/high-performance/10-xlog-no-lock-flush.md)\n + [Parallel Page-based Redo For Ustore](/characteristic-description/high-performance/11-parallel-page-based-redo-for-ustore.md)\n + [Row-Store Execution to Vectorized Execution](/characteristic-description/high-performance/12-row-store-execution-to-vectorized-execution.md)\n + High Availability (HA)\n + [Primary/Standby](/characteristic-description/high-availability/1-primary-standby.md)\n + [Logical Replication](/characteristic-description/high-availability/2-logical-replication.md)\n + [Online Node Replacement](/characteristic-description/high-availability/3-online-node-replacement.md)\n + [Logical Backup](/characteristic-description/high-availability/4-logical-backup.md)\n + [Physical Backup](/characteristic-description/high-availability/5-physical-backup.md)\n + [Automatic Job Retry upon Failure](/characteristic-description/high-availability/6-automatic-job-retry-upon-failure.md)\n + [Ultimate RTO](/characteristic-description/high-availability/7-ultimate-rto.md)\n + [Cascaded Standby Server](/characteristic-description/high-availability/8-cascaded-standby-server.md)\n + [Delayed Replay](/characteristic-description/high-availability/9-delayed-replay.md)\n + [Adding or Deleting a Standby Server](/characteristic-description/high-availability/10-adding-or-deleting-a-standby-server.md)\n + [Delaying Entering the Maximum Availability Mode](/characteristic-description/high-availability/11-delaying-entering-the-maximum-availability-mode.md)\n + [Parallel Logical Decoding](/characteristic-description/high-availability/12-parallel-logical-decoding.md)\n + [DCF](/characteristic-description/high-availability/13-dcf.md)\n + [CM](/characteristic-description/high-availability/14-cm.md)\n + [Global SysCache](/characteristic-description/high-availability/15-global-syscache.md)\n + [Using a Standby Node to Build a Standby Node](/characteristic-description/high-availability/16-using-a-standby-node-to-build-a-standby-node.md)\n + Maintainability\n + [Gray Upgrade](/characteristic-description/maintainability/1-gray-upgrade.md)\n + [Workload Diagnosis Report (WDR)](/characteristic-description/maintainability/2-workload-diagnosis-report.md)\n + [Slow SQL Diagnosis](/characteristic-description/maintainability/3-slow-sql-diagnosis.md)\n + [Session Performance Diagnosis](/characteristic-description/maintainability/4-session-performance-diagnosis.md)\n + [System KPI-aided Diagnosis](/characteristic-description/maintainability/5-system-kpi-aided-diagnosis.md)\n + [Fault Diagnosis](/characteristic-description/maintainability/fault-diagnosis.md)\n + Database Security\n + [Access Control Model](/characteristic-description/database-security/1-access-control-model.md)\n + [Separation of Control and Access Permissions](/characteristic-description/database-security/2-separation-of-control-and-access-permissions.md)\n + [Database Encryption Authentication](/characteristic-description/database-security/3-database-encryption-authentication.md)\n + [Data Encryption and Storage](/characteristic-description/database-security/4-data-encryption-and-storage.md)\n + [Database Audit](/characteristic-description/database-security/5-database-audit.md)\n + [Network Communication Security](/characteristic-description/database-security/6-network-communication-security.md)\n + [Resource Label](/characteristic-description/database-security/7-resource-label.md)\n + [Unified Audit](/characteristic-description/database-security/8-unified-audit.md)\n + [Dynamic Data Anonymization](/characteristic-description/database-security/9-dynamic-data-anonymization.md)\n + [Row-Level Access Control](/characteristic-description/database-security/10-row-level-access-control.md)\n + [Password Strength Verification](/characteristic-description/database-security/11-password-strength-verification.md)\n + [Equality Query in a Fully-encrypted Database](/characteristic-description/database-security/12-equality-query-in-a-fully-encrypted-database.md)\n + [Ledger Database Mechanism](/characteristic-description/database-security/13-ledger-database-mechanism.md)\n + [Transparent Data Encryption](/characteristic-description/database-security/14-transparent-data-encryption.md)\n + Enterprise-Level Features\n + [Support for Functions and Stored Procedures](/characteristic-description/enterprise-level-features/1-support-for-functions-and-stored-procedures.md)\n + [SQL Hints](/characteristic-description/enterprise-level-features/2-sql-hints.md)\n + [Full-Text Indexing](/characteristic-description/enterprise-level-features/3-full-text-indexing.md)\n + [Copy Interface for Error Tolerance](/characteristic-description/enterprise-level-features/4-copy-interface-for-error-tolerance.md)\n + [Partitioning](/characteristic-description/enterprise-level-features/5-partitioning.md)\n + [Support for Advanced Analysis Functions](/characteristic-description/enterprise-level-features/6-support-for-advanced-analysis-functions.md)\n + [Materialized View](/characteristic-description/enterprise-level-features/7-materialized-view.md)\n + [HyperLogLog](/characteristic-description/enterprise-level-features/8-hyperloglog.md)\n + [Creating an Index Online](/characteristic-description/enterprise-level-features/9-creating-an-index-online.md)\n + [Autonomous Transaction](/characteristic-description/enterprise-level-features/10-autonomous-transaction.md)\n + [Global Temporary Table](/characteristic-description/enterprise-level-features/11-global-temporary-table.md)\n + [Pseudocolumn ROWNUM](/characteristic-description/enterprise-level-features/12-pseudocolumn-rownum.md)\n + [Stored Procedure Debugging](/characteristic-description/enterprise-level-features/13-stored-procedure-debugging.md)\n + [JDBC Client Load Balancing and Read/Write Isolation](/characteristic-description/enterprise-level-features/14-jdbc-client-load-balancing-and-readwrite-isolation.md)\n + [In-place Update Storage Engine](/characteristic-description/enterprise-level-features/15-in-place-update-storage-engine.md)\n + [Publication-Subscription](/characteristic-description/enterprise-level-features/16-publication-subscription.md)\n + [Foreign Key Lock Enhancement](/characteristic-description/enterprise-level-features/17-foreign-key-lock-enhancement.md)\n + [Data Compression in OLTP Scenarios](/characteristic-description/enterprise-level-features/18-data-compression-in-oltp-scenarios.md)\n + [Transaction Async Submit](/characteristic-description/enterprise-level-features/19-transaction-async-submit.md)\n + [Index Creation Parallel Control](/characteristic-description/enterprise-level-features/23-index-creation-parallel-control.md)\n + [Dynamic Partition Pruning](/characteristic-description/enterprise-level-features/21-dynamic-partition-pruning.md)\n + [COPY Import Optimization](/characteristic-description/enterprise-level-features/20-copy-import-optimization.md)\n + [SQL Running Status Observation](/characteristic-description/enterprise-level-features/22-sql-running-status-observation.md)\n + [BRIN Index](/characteristic-description/enterprise-level-features/24-brin-index.md)\n + [BLOOM Index](/characteristic-description/enterprise-level-features/25-bloom-index.md)\n + Application Development Interfaces\n + [Standard SQL](/characteristic-description/application-development-interfaces/1-standard-sql.md)\n + [Standard Development Interfaces](/characteristic-description/application-development-interfaces/2-standard-development-interfaces.md)\n + [PostgreSQL API Compatibility](/characteristic-description/application-development-interfaces/3-postgresql-api-compatibility.md)\n + [MogDB-Oracle Compatibility](/characteristic-description/application-development-interfaces/MogDB-Oracle-compatibility.md)\n + [MogDB-MySQL Compatibility](/characteristic-description/application-development-interfaces/MogDB-MySQL-compatibility.md)\n + AI Capabilities\n + AI4DB: Autonomous Database O&M\n + [Database Metric Collection, Forecast, and Exception Detection](/characteristic-description/ai-capabilities/ai4db-autonomous-database-o-m/1-database-metric-collection-forecast-and-exception-detection.md)\n + [Root Cause Analysis for Slow SQL Statements](/characteristic-description/ai-capabilities/ai4db-autonomous-database-o-m/2-root-cause-analysis-for-slow-sql-statements.md)\n + [Index Recommendation](/characteristic-description/ai-capabilities/ai4db-autonomous-database-o-m/3-index-recommendation.md)\n + [Parameter Tuning and Diagnosis](/characteristic-description/ai-capabilities/ai4db-autonomous-database-o-m/4-parameter-tuning-and-diagnosis.md)\n + [Slow SQL Statement Discovery](/characteristic-description/ai-capabilities/ai4db-autonomous-database-o-m/5-slow-sql-statement-discovery.md)\n + [DB4AI: Database-driven AI](/characteristic-description/ai-capabilities/db4ai-database-driven-ai.md)\n + AI in DB\n + [Predictor: AI Query Time Forecasting](/characteristic-description/ai-capabilities/ai-in-db/predictor-ai-query-time-forecasting.md)\n + Middleware\n + [Distributed Database Capability](/characteristic-description/middleware/distributed-database-capability.md)\n + [Deploying a Distributed Database Using Kubernetes](/characteristic-description/middleware/deploying-a-distributed-database-using-kubernetes.md)\n+ Installation Guide\n + Installation Preparation\n + [Environment Requirement](/installation-guide/installation-preparation/environment-requirement.md)\n + [Operating System Configuration](/installation-guide/installation-preparation/os-configuration.md)\n + [Container Installation](/installation-guide/docker-installation/docker-installation.md)\n + [PTK-based Installation](/installation-guide/ptk-based-installation.md)\n + OM-based Installation\n + [Installation Overview](/installation-guide/om-installation/installation-overview.md)\n + [Obtaining the Installation Package](/installation-guide/om-installation/obtaining-installation-package.md)\n + [Simple Installation](/installation-guide/om-installation/simple-installation.md)\n + [Standard Installation](/installation-guide/om-installation/standard-installation.md)\n + [Verifying the Installation](/installation-guide/om-installation/verifying-installation.md)\n + [Uninstalling MogDB](/installation-guide/om-installation/uninstallation.md)\n + [Manual Installation](/installation-guide/manual-installation.md)\n + [Recommended Parameter Settings](/installation-guide/recommended-parameter-settings.md)\n+ Administrator Guide\n + Localization\n + [Locale Support](/administrator-guide/localization/locale-support.md)\n + [Collation Support](/administrator-guide/localization/collation-support.md)\n + [Character Set Support](/administrator-guide/localization/character-set-support.md)\n + Routine Maintenance\n + [Starting and Stopping MogDB](/administrator-guide/routine-maintenance/0-starting-and-stopping-mogdb.md)\n + [Using the gsql Client for Connection](/administrator-guide/routine-maintenance/using-the-gsql-client-for-connection.md)\n + [Routine Maintenance](/administrator-guide/routine-maintenance/1-routine-maintenance-check-items.md)\n + [Checking OS Parameters](/administrator-guide/routine-maintenance/2-checking-os-parameters.md)\n + [Checking MogDB Health Status](/administrator-guide/routine-maintenance/3-checking-mogdb-health-status.md)\n + [Checking Database Performance](/administrator-guide/routine-maintenance/4-checking-database-performance.md)\n + [Checking and Deleting Logs](/administrator-guide/routine-maintenance/5-checking-and-deleting-logs.md)\n + [Checking Time Consistency](/administrator-guide/routine-maintenance/6-checking-time-consistency.md)\n + [Checking The Number of Application Connections](/administrator-guide/routine-maintenance/7-checking-the-number-of-application-connections.md)\n + [Routinely Maintaining Tables](/administrator-guide/routine-maintenance/8-routinely-maintaining-tables.md)\n + [Routinely Recreating an Index](/administrator-guide/routine-maintenance/9-routinely-recreating-an-index.md)\n + [Data Security Maintenance Suggestions](/administrator-guide/routine-maintenance/10-data-security-maintenance-suggestions.md)\n + [Slow SQL Diagnosis](/administrator-guide/routine-maintenance/slow-sql-diagnosis.md)\n + [Log Reference](/administrator-guide/routine-maintenance/11-log-reference.md)\n + [Primary and Standby Management](/administrator-guide/primary-and-standby-management.md)\n + MOT Engine\n + Introducing MOT\n + [MOT Introduction](/administrator-guide/mot-engine/1-introducing-mot/1-mot-introduction.md)\n + [MOT Features and Benefits](/administrator-guide/mot-engine/1-introducing-mot/2-mot-features-and-benefits.md)\n + [MOT Key Technologies](/administrator-guide/mot-engine/1-introducing-mot/3-mot-key-technologies.md)\n + [MOT Usage Scenarios](/administrator-guide/mot-engine/1-introducing-mot/4-mot-usage-scenarios.md)\n + [MOT Performance Benchmarks](/administrator-guide/mot-engine/1-introducing-mot/5-mot-performance-benchmarks.md)\n + Using MOT\n + [Using MOT Overview](/administrator-guide/mot-engine/2-using-mot/1-using-mot-overview.md)\n + [MOT Preparation](/administrator-guide/mot-engine/2-using-mot/2-mot-preparation.md)\n + [MOT Deployment](/administrator-guide/mot-engine/2-using-mot/3-mot-deployment.md)\n + [MOT Usage](/administrator-guide/mot-engine/2-using-mot/4-mot-usage.md)\n + [MOT Administration](/administrator-guide/mot-engine/2-using-mot/5-mot-administration.md)\n + [MOT Sample TPC-C Benchmark](/administrator-guide/mot-engine/2-using-mot/6-mot-sample-tpcc-benchmark.md)\n + Concepts of MOT\n + [MOT Scale-up Architecture](/administrator-guide/mot-engine/3-concepts-of-mot/3-1.md)\n + [MOT Concurrency Control Mechanism](/administrator-guide/mot-engine/3-concepts-of-mot/3-2.md)\n + [Extended FDW and Other MogDB Features](/administrator-guide/mot-engine/3-concepts-of-mot/3-3.md)\n + [NUMA Awareness Allocation and Affinity](/administrator-guide/mot-engine/3-concepts-of-mot/3-4.md)\n + [MOT Indexes](/administrator-guide/mot-engine/3-concepts-of-mot/3-5.md)\n + [MOT Durability Concepts](/administrator-guide/mot-engine/3-concepts-of-mot/3-6.md)\n + [MOT Recovery Concepts](/administrator-guide/mot-engine/3-concepts-of-mot/3-7.md)\n + [MOT Query Native Compilation (JIT)](/administrator-guide/mot-engine/3-concepts-of-mot/3-8.md)\n + [Comparison - Disk vs. MOT](/administrator-guide/mot-engine/3-concepts-of-mot/3-9.md)\n + Appendix\n + [References](/administrator-guide/mot-engine/4-appendix/1-references.md)\n + [Glossary](/administrator-guide/mot-engine/4-appendix/2-glossary.md)\n + [Column-store Tables Management](/administrator-guide/column-store-tables-management.md)\n + Backup and Restoration\n + [Overview](/administrator-guide/br/1-1-br.md)\n + [Physical Backup and Restoration](/administrator-guide/br/1-2-br.md)\n + [Logical Backup and Restoration](/administrator-guide/br/1-3-br.md)\n + [Flashback Restoration](/administrator-guide/br/1-4-br.md)\n + Importing and Exporting Data\n + Importing Data\n + [Import Modes](/administrator-guide/importing-and-exporting-data/importing-data/1-import-modes.md)\n + [Running the INSERT Statement to Insert Data](/administrator-guide/importing-and-exporting-data/importing-data/2-running-the-INSERT-statement-to-insert-data.md)\n + [Running the COPY FROM STDIN Statement to Import Data](/administrator-guide/importing-and-exporting-data/importing-data/3-running-the-COPY-FROM-STDIN-statement-to-import-data.md)\n + [Using a gsql Meta-Command to Import Data](/administrator-guide/importing-and-exporting-data/importing-data/4-using-a-gsql-meta-command-to-import-data.md)\n + [Using gs_restore to Import Data](/administrator-guide/importing-and-exporting-data/importing-data/5-using-gs_restore-to-import-data.md)\n + [Updating Data in a Table](/administrator-guide/importing-and-exporting-data/importing-data/6-updating-data-in-a-table.md)\n + [Deep Copy](/administrator-guide/importing-and-exporting-data/importing-data/7-deep-copy.md)\n + [ANALYZE Table](/administrator-guide/importing-and-exporting-data/importing-data/8-ANALYZE-table.md)\n + [Doing VACUUM to a Table](/administrator-guide/importing-and-exporting-data/importing-data/9-doing-VACUUM-to-a-table.md)\n + [Managing Concurrent Write Operations](/administrator-guide/importing-and-exporting-data/importing-data/10-managing-concurrent-write-operations.md)\n + Exporting Data\n + [Using gs_dump and gs_dumpall to Export Data Overview](/administrator-guide/importing-and-exporting-data/exporting-data/1-using-gs_dump-and-gs_dumpall-to-export-data-overview.md)\n + [Exporting a Single Database](/administrator-guide/importing-and-exporting-data/exporting-data/2-exporting-a-single-database.md)\n + [Exporting All Databases](/administrator-guide/importing-and-exporting-data/exporting-data/3-exporting-all-databases.md)\n + [Data Export By a User Without Required Permissions](/administrator-guide/importing-and-exporting-data/exporting-data/4-data-export-by-a-user-without-required-permissions.md)\n + [Upgrade Guide](/administrator-guide/upgrade-guide.md)\n+ AI Features Guide\n + [AI Features Overview](/AI-features/1-AI-features-overview.md)\n + [AI4DB: Autonomous Database O&M](/AI-features/ai4db/ai4db-autonomous-database-o&m.md)\n + [DBMind Mode](/AI-features/ai4db/dbmind-mode/dbmind-mode.md)\n + [service](/AI-features/ai4db/dbmind-mode/1-service.md)\n + [component](/AI-features/ai4db/dbmind-mode/2-component.md)\n + [set](/AI-features/ai4db/dbmind-mode/3-set.md)\n + [Components that Support DBMind](/AI-features/ai4db/components-that-support-dbmind/components-that-support-dbmind.md)\n + Prometheus Exporter\n + [Overview](/AI-features/ai4db/components-that-support-dbmind/prometheus-exporter/prometheus-exporter-overview.md)\n + [Environment Deployment](/AI-features/ai4db/components-that-support-dbmind/prometheus-exporter/prometheus-exporter-environment-deployment.md)\n + [Usage Guide](/AI-features/ai4db/components-that-support-dbmind/prometheus-exporter/prometheus-exporter-usage-guide.md)\n + [Obtaining Help Information](/AI-features/ai4db/components-that-support-dbmind/prometheus-exporter/prometheus-exporter-obtaining-help-information.md)\n + [Command Reference](/AI-features/ai4db/components-that-support-dbmind/prometheus-exporter/prometheus-exporter-command-reference.md)\n + [Troubleshooting](/AI-features/ai4db/components-that-support-dbmind/prometheus-exporter/prometheus-exporter-troubleshooting.md)\n + AI Sub-functions of the DBMind\n + X-Tuner: Parameter Tuning and Diagnosis\n + [Overview](/AI-features/ai4db/ai-sub-functions-of-the-dbmind/1-x-tuner-parameter-optimization-and-diagnosis/1-1-x-tuner-overview.md)\n + [Preparations](/AI-features/ai4db/ai-sub-functions-of-the-dbmind/1-x-tuner-parameter-optimization-and-diagnosis/1-2-preparations.md)\n + [Examples](/AI-features/ai4db/ai-sub-functions-of-the-dbmind/1-x-tuner-parameter-optimization-and-diagnosis/1-3-examples.md)\n + [Obtaining Help Information](/AI-features/ai4db/ai-sub-functions-of-the-dbmind/1-x-tuner-parameter-optimization-and-diagnosis/1-4-obtaining-help-information.md)\n + [Command Reference](/AI-features/ai4db/ai-sub-functions-of-the-dbmind/1-x-tuner-parameter-optimization-and-diagnosis/1-5-command-reference.md)\n + [Troubleshooting](/AI-features/ai4db/ai-sub-functions-of-the-dbmind/1-x-tuner-parameter-optimization-and-diagnosis/1-6-Troubleshooting.md)\n + Index-advisor: Index Recommendation\n + [Single-query Index Recommendation](/AI-features/ai4db/ai-sub-functions-of-the-dbmind/2-index-advisor-index-recommendation/2-1-single-query-index-recommendation.md)\n + [Virtual Index](/AI-features/ai4db/ai-sub-functions-of-the-dbmind/2-index-advisor-index-recommendation/2-2-virtual-index.md)\n + [Workload-level Index Recommendation](/AI-features/ai4db/ai-sub-functions-of-the-dbmind/2-index-advisor-index-recommendation/2-3-workload-level-index-recommendation.md)\n + AI4DB: Root Cause Analysis for Slow SQL Statements\n + [Overview](/AI-features/ai4db/ai-sub-functions-of-the-dbmind/3-ai4db-root-cause-analysis-for-slow-sql-statements/3-1-overview.md)\n + [Environment Deployment](/AI-features/ai4db/ai-sub-functions-of-the-dbmind/3-ai4db-root-cause-analysis-for-slow-sql-statements/3-2-environment-deployment.md)\n + [Usage Guide](/AI-features/ai4db/ai-sub-functions-of-the-dbmind/3-ai4db-root-cause-analysis-for-slow-sql-statements/3-3-usage-guide.md)\n + [Obtaining Help Information](/AI-features/ai4db/ai-sub-functions-of-the-dbmind/3-ai4db-root-cause-analysis-for-slow-sql-statements/3-4-obtaining-help-information.md)\n + [Command Reference](/AI-features/ai4db/ai-sub-functions-of-the-dbmind/3-ai4db-root-cause-analysis-for-slow-sql-statements/3-5-command-reference.md)\n + [Troubleshooting](/AI-features/ai4db/ai-sub-functions-of-the-dbmind/3-ai4db-root-cause-analysis-for-slow-sql-statements/3-6-troubleshooting.md)\n + AI4DB: Trend Prediction\n + [Overview](/AI-features/ai4db/ai-sub-functions-of-the-dbmind/4-ai4db-trend-prediction/4-1-overview.md)\n + [Environment Deployment](/AI-features/ai4db/ai-sub-functions-of-the-dbmind/4-ai4db-trend-prediction/4-2-environment-deployment.md)\n + [Usage Guide](/AI-features/ai4db/ai-sub-functions-of-the-dbmind/4-ai4db-trend-prediction/4-3-usage-guide.md)\n + [Obtaining Help Information](/AI-features/ai4db/ai-sub-functions-of-the-dbmind/4-ai4db-trend-prediction/4-4-obtaining-help-information.md)\n + [Command Reference](/AI-features/ai4db/ai-sub-functions-of-the-dbmind/4-ai4db-trend-prediction/4-5-command-reference.md)\n + [Troubleshooting](/AI-features/ai4db/ai-sub-functions-of-the-dbmind/4-ai4db-trend-prediction/4-6-troubleshooting.md)\n + SQLdiag: Slow SQL Discovery\n + [Overview](/AI-features/ai4db/ai-sub-functions-of-the-dbmind/5-sqldiag-slow-sql-discovery/5-1-overview.md)\n + [Usage Guide](/AI-features/ai4db/ai-sub-functions-of-the-dbmind/5-sqldiag-slow-sql-discovery/5-2-usage-guide.md)\n + [Obtaining Help Information](/AI-features/ai4db/ai-sub-functions-of-the-dbmind/5-sqldiag-slow-sql-discovery/5-3-obtaining-help-information.md)\n + [Command Reference](/AI-features/ai4db/ai-sub-functions-of-the-dbmind/5-sqldiag-slow-sql-discovery/5-4-command-reference.md)\n + [Troubleshooting](/AI-features/ai4db/ai-sub-functions-of-the-dbmind/5-sqldiag-slow-sql-discovery/5-5-troubleshooting.md)\n + [DB4AI: Database-driven AI](/AI-features/db4ai/db4ai.md)\n + [Native DB4AI Engine](/AI-features/db4ai/native-db4ai-engine.md)\n + [Full-process AI](/AI-features/db4ai/full-process-ai/full-process-ai.md)\n + [PLPython Fenced Mode](/AI-features/db4ai/full-process-ai/plpython-fenced-mode.md)\n + [DB4AI-Snapshots for Data Version Management](/AI-features/db4ai/full-process-ai/db4ai-snapshots-for-data-version-management.md)\n + AI in DB\n + Intelligence Explain: SQL Statement Query Time Prediction\n + [Overview](/AI-features/ai-in-db/intelligence-explain/intelligence-explain-overview.md)\n + [Environment Deployment](/AI-features/ai-in-db/intelligence-explain/intelligence-explain-environment-deployment.md)\n + [User Guide](/AI-features/ai-in-db/intelligence-explain/intelligence-explain-user-guide.md)\n + [Best Practices](/AI-features/ai-in-db/intelligence-explain/intelligence-explain-best-practices.md)\n + [FAQs](/AI-features/ai-in-db/intelligence-explain/intelligence-explain-faqs.md)\n+ Security Guide\n + Database Security Management\n + [Client Access Authentication](/security-guide/security/1-client-access-authentication.md)\n + [Managing Users and Their Permissions](/security-guide/security/2-managing-users-and-their-permissions.md)\n + [Configuring Database Audit](/security-guide/security/3-configuring-database-audit.md)\n + [Setting Encrypted Equality Query](/security-guide/security/4-setting-encrypted-equality-query.md)\n + [Setting a Ledger Database](/security-guide/security/5-setting-a-ledger-database.md)\n + [Transparent Data Encryption](/security-guide/security/6-transparent-data-encryption.md)\n+ Developer Guide\n + Application Development Guide\n + [Development Specifications](/developer-guide/dev/1-development-specifications.md)\n + Development Based on JDBC\n + [Overview](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/1-development-based-on-jdbc-overview.md)\n + [JDBC Package, Driver Class, and Environment Class](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/2-jdbc-package-driver-class-and-environment-class.md)\n + [Development Process](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/3-development-process.md)\n + [Loading the Driver](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/4-loading-the-driver.md)\n + [Connecting to a Database](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/5-connecting-to-a-database.md)\n + [Connecting to the Database (Using SSL)](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/6-connecting-to-a-database-using-ssl.md)\n + [Running SQL Statements](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/7-running-sql-statements.md)\n + [Processing Data in a Result Set](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/8-processing-data-in-a-result-set.md)\n + [Closing a Connection](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/9-closing-a-connection.md)\n + [Managing Logs](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/8.1-log-management.md)\n + [Example: Common Operations](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/10-example-common-operations.md)\n + [Example: Retrying SQL Queries for Applications](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/11-example-retrying-sql-queries-for-applications.md)\n + [Example: Importing and Exporting Data Through Local Files](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/12-example-importing-and-exporting-data-through-local-files.md)\n + [Example 2: Migrating Data from a MY Database to MogDB](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/13-example-2-migrating-data-from-a-my-database-to-mogdb.md)\n + [Example: Logic Replication Code](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/14-example-logic-replication-code.md)\n + [Example: Parameters for Connecting to the Database in Different Scenarios](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/14.1-example-parameters-for-connecting-to-the-database-in-different-scenarios.md)\n + JDBC API Reference\n + [java.sql.Connection](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/15-JDBC/1-java-sql-Connection.md)\n + [java.sql.CallableStatement](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/15-JDBC/2-java-sql-CallableStatement.md)\n + [java.sql.DatabaseMetaData](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/15-JDBC/3-java-sql-DatabaseMetaData.md)\n + [java.sql.Driver](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/15-JDBC/4-java-sql-Driver.md)\n + [java.sql.PreparedStatement](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/15-JDBC/5-java-sql-PreparedStatement.md)\n + [java.sql.ResultSet](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/15-JDBC/6-java-sql-ResultSet.md)\n + [java.sql.ResultSetMetaData](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/15-JDBC/7-java-sql-ResultSetMetaData.md)\n + [java.sql.Statement](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/15-JDBC/8-java-sql-Statement.md)\n + [javax.sql.ConnectionPoolDataSource](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/15-JDBC/9-javax-sql-ConnectionPoolDataSource.md)\n + [javax.sql.DataSource](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/15-JDBC/10-javax-sql-DataSource.md)\n + [javax.sql.PooledConnection](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/15-JDBC/11-javax-sql-PooledConnection.md)\n + [javax.naming.Context](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/15-JDBC/12-javax-naming-Context.md)\n + [javax.naming.spi.InitialContextFactory](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/15-JDBC/13-javax-naming-spi-InitialContextFactory.md)\n + [CopyManager](/developer-guide/dev/2-development-based-on-jdbc/15-JDBC/14-CopyManager.md)\n + Development Based on ODBC\n + [Overview](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/1-development-based-on-odbc-overview.md)\n + [ODBC Packages, Dependent Libraries, and Header Files](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/2-odbc-packages-dependent-libraries-and-header-files.md)\n + [Configuring a Data Source in the Linux OS](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/3-configuring-a-data-source-in-the-linux-os.md)\n + [Development Process](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/4-development-process.md)\n + [Example: Common Functions and Batch Binding](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/5-example-common-functions-and-batch-binding.md)\n + [Typical Application Scenarios and Configurations](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/5.1-typical-application-scenarios-and-configurations.md)\n + ODBC API Reference\n + [Overview](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/6-ODBC/2-0-odbc-overview.md)\n + [SQLAllocEnv](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/6-ODBC/2-1-SQLAllocEnv.md)\n + [SQLAllocConnect](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/6-ODBC/2-2-SQLAllocConnect.md)\n + [SQLAllocHandle](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/6-ODBC/2-3-SQLAllocHandle.md)\n + [SQLAllocStmt](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/6-ODBC/2-4-SQLAllocStmt.md)\n + [SQLBindCol](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/6-ODBC/2-5-SQLBindCol.md)\n + [SQLBindParameter](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/6-ODBC/2-6-SQLBindParameter.md)\n + [SQLColAttribute](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/6-ODBC/2-7-SQLColAttribute.md)\n + [SQLConnect](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/6-ODBC/2-8-SQLConnect.md)\n + [SQLDisconnect](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/6-ODBC/2-9-SQLDisconnect.md)\n + [SQLExecDirect](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/6-ODBC/2-10-SQLExecDirect.md)\n + [SQLExecute](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/6-ODBC/2-11-SQLExecute.md)\n + [SQLFetch](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/6-ODBC/2-12-SQLFetch.md)\n + [SQLFreeStmt](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/6-ODBC/2-13-SQLFreeStmt.md)\n + [SQLFreeConnect](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/6-ODBC/2-14-SQLFreeConnect.md)\n + [SQLFreeHandle](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/6-ODBC/2-15-SQLFreeHandle.md)\n + [SQLFreeEnv](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/6-ODBC/2-16-SQLFreeEnv.md)\n + [SQLPrepare](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/6-ODBC/2-17-SQLPrepare.md)\n + [SQLGetData](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/6-ODBC/2-18-SQLGetData.md)\n + [SQLGetDiagRec](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/6-ODBC/2-19-SQLGetDiagRec.md)\n + [SQLSetConnectAttr](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/6-ODBC/2-20-SQLSetConnectAttr.md)\n + [SQLSetEnvAttr](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/6-ODBC/2-21-SQLSetEnvAttr.md)\n + [SQLSetStmtAttr](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/6-ODBC/2-22-SQLSetStmtAttr.md)\n + [Examples](/developer-guide/dev/3-development-based-on-odbc/6-ODBC/2-23-Examples.md)\n + Development Based on libpq\n + [Dependent Header Files of libpq](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/dependent-header-files-of-libpq.md)\n + [Development Process](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/development-process.md)\n + [Example](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/libpq-example.md)\n + [Link Parameters](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/link-parameters.md)\n + libpq API Reference\n + Database Connection Control Functions\n + [Description](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/1-database-connection-control-functions/1-database-connection-control-functions-overview.md)\n + [PQconnectdbParams](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/1-database-connection-control-functions/2-PQconnectdbParams.md)\n + [PQconnectdb](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/1-database-connection-control-functions/3-PQconnectdb.md)\n + [PQconninfoParse](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/1-database-connection-control-functions/4-PQconninfoParse.md)\n + [PQconnectStart](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/1-database-connection-control-functions/5-PQconnectStart.md)\n + [PQerrorMessage](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/1-database-connection-control-functions/6-PQerrorMessage.md)\n + [PQsetdbLogin](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/1-database-connection-control-functions/7-PQsetdbLogin.md)\n + [PQfinish](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/1-database-connection-control-functions/8-PQfinish.md)\n + [PQreset](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/1-database-connection-control-functions/9-PQreset.md)\n + [PQstatus](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/1-database-connection-control-functions/10-PQstatus.md)\n + Database Statement Execution Functions\n + [PQclear](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/2-database-statement-execution-functions/1-PQclear.md)\n + [PQexec](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/2-database-statement-execution-functions/2-PQexec.md)\n + [PQexecParams](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/2-database-statement-execution-functions/3-PQexecParams.md)\n + [PQexecParamsBatch](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/2-database-statement-execution-functions/4-PQexecParamsBatch.md)\n + [PQexecPrepared](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/2-database-statement-execution-functions/5-PQexecPrepared.md)\n + [PQexecPreparedBatch](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/2-database-statement-execution-functions/6-PQexecPreparedBatch.md)\n + [PQfname](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/2-database-statement-execution-functions/7-PQfname.md)\n + [PQgetvalue](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/2-database-statement-execution-functions/8-PQgetvalue.md)\n + [PQnfields](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/2-database-statement-execution-functions/9-PQnfields.md)\n + [PQntuples](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/2-database-statement-execution-functions/10-PQntuples.md)\n + [PQprepare](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/2-database-statement-execution-functions/11-PQprepare.md)\n + [PQresultStatus](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/2-database-statement-execution-functions/12-PQresultStatus.md)\n + Functions for Asynchronous Command Processing\n + [Description](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/3-functions-for-asynchronous-command-processing/1-functions-for-asynchronous-command-processing-overview.md)\n + [PQsendQuery](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/3-functions-for-asynchronous-command-processing/2-PQsendQuery.md)\n + [PQsendQueryParams](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/3-functions-for-asynchronous-command-processing/3-PQsendQueryParams.md)\n + [PQsendPrepare](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/3-functions-for-asynchronous-command-processing/4-PQsendPrepare.md)\n + [PQsendQueryPrepared](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/3-functions-for-asynchronous-command-processing/5-PQsendQueryPrepared.md)\n + [PQflush](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/3-functions-for-asynchronous-command-processing/6-PQflush.md)\n + Functions for Canceling Queries in Progress\n + [PQgetCancel](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/4-functions-for-canceling-queries-in-progress/1-PQgetCancel.md)\n + [PQfreeCancel](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/4-functions-for-canceling-queries-in-progress/2-PQfreeCancel.md)\n + [PQcancel](/developer-guide/dev/4-development-based-on-libpq/2-libpq/4-functions-for-canceling-queries-in-progress/3-PQcancel.md)\n + Psycopg-Based Development\n + [Psycopg-Based Development](/developer-guide/dev/4.1-psycopg-based-development/1-psycopg-based-development.md)\n + [Psycopg Package](/developer-guide/dev/4.1-psycopg-based-development/2-psycopg-package.md)\n + [Development Process](/developer-guide/dev/4.1-psycopg-based-development/3.1-development-process.md)\n + [Loading a Driver](/developer-guide/dev/4.1-psycopg-based-development/4-loading-a-driver.md)\n + [Connecting to a Database](/developer-guide/dev/4.1-psycopg-based-development/5.1-connecting-to-a-database.md)\n + [Executing SQL Statements](/developer-guide/dev/4.1-psycopg-based-development/6-executing-sql-statements.md)\n + [Processing the Result Set](/developer-guide/dev/4.1-psycopg-based-development/7-processing-the-result-set.md)\n + [Closing the Connection](/developer-guide/dev/4.1-psycopg-based-development/8-closing-the-connection.md)\n + [Connecting to the Database (Using SSL)](/developer-guide/dev/4.1-psycopg-based-development/9-connecting-to-the-database-using-ssl.md)\n + [Examples: Common Operations](/developer-guide/dev/4.1-psycopg-based-development/10.1-example-common-operations.md)\n + Psycopg API Reference\n + [psycopg2.connect()](/developer-guide/dev/4.1-psycopg-based-development/11-psycopg-api-reference/1-psycopg2-connect.md)\n + [connection.cursor()](/developer-guide/dev/4.1-psycopg-based-development/11-psycopg-api-reference/2-connection-cursor.md)\n + [cursor.execute(query,vars_list)](/developer-guide/dev/4.1-psycopg-based-development/11-psycopg-api-reference/3-cursor-execute-query-vars-list.md)\n + [curosr.executemany(query,vars_list)](/developer-guide/dev/4.1-psycopg-based-development/11-psycopg-api-reference/4-curosr-executemany-query-vars-list.md)\n + [connection.commit()](/developer-guide/dev/4.1-psycopg-based-development/11-psycopg-api-reference/5-connection-commit.md)\n + [connection.rollback()](/developer-guide/dev/4.1-psycopg-based-development/11-psycopg-api-reference/6-connection-rollback.md)\n + [cursor.fetchone()](/developer-guide/dev/4.1-psycopg-based-development/11-psycopg-api-reference/7-cursor-fetchone.md)\n + [cursor.fetchall()](/developer-guide/dev/4.1-psycopg-based-development/11-psycopg-api-reference/8-cursor-fetchall.md)\n + [cursor.close()](/developer-guide/dev/4.1-psycopg-based-development/11-psycopg-api-reference/9-cursor-close.md)\n + [connection.close()](/developer-guide/dev/4.1-psycopg-based-development/11-psycopg-api-reference/10-connection-close.md)\n + [Commissioning](/developer-guide/dev/5-commissioning.md)\n + [Stored Procedure](/developer-guide/1-1-stored-procedure.md)\n + [User Defined Functions](/developer-guide/user-defined-functions.md)\n + PL/pgSQL-SQL Procedural Language\n + [Overview of PL/pgSQL Functions](/developer-guide/plpgsql/1-1-plpgsql-overview.md)\n + [Data Types](/developer-guide/plpgsql/1-2-data-types.md)\n + [Data Type Conversion](/developer-guide/plpgsql/1-3-data-type-conversion.md)\n + [Arrays and Records](/developer-guide/plpgsql/1-4-arrays-and-records.md)\n + [DECLARE Syntax](/developer-guide/plpgsql/1-5-declare-syntax.md)\n + [Basic Statements](/developer-guide/plpgsql/1-6-basic-statements.md)\n + [Dynamic Statements](/developer-guide/plpgsql/1-7-dynamic-statements.md)\n + [Control Statements](/developer-guide/plpgsql/1-8-control-statements.md)\n + [Transaction Management](/developer-guide/plpgsql/1-9-transaction-management.md)\n + [Other Statements](/developer-guide/plpgsql/1-10-other-statements.md)\n + [Cursors](/developer-guide/plpgsql/1-11-cursors.md)\n + Advanced Packages\n + Basic Interfaces\n + [PKG_SERVICE](/developer-guide/plpgsql/advanced-packages/basic-interfaces/PKG_SERVICE.md)\n + [Retry Management](/developer-guide/plpgsql/1-12-retry-management.md)\n + [Debugging](/developer-guide/plpgsql/1-13-debugging.md)\n + [package](/developer-guide/plpgsql/1-14-package.md)\n + Scheduled Jobs\n + [PKG_SERVICE API](/developer-guide/scheduled-jobs/pkg-service.md)\n + Autonomous Transaction\n + [Introduction](/developer-guide/autonomous-transaction/1-introduction-to-autonomous-transaction.md)\n + [Stored Procedure Supporting Autonomous Transaction](/developer-guide/autonomous-transaction/3-stored-procedure-supporting-autonomous-transaction.md)\n + [Anonymous Block Supporting Autonomous Transaction](/developer-guide/autonomous-transaction/anonymous-block-supporting-autonomous-transaction.md)\n + [Function Supporting Autonomous Transaction](/developer-guide/autonomous-transaction/2-function-supporting-autonomous-transaction.md)\n + [Restrictions](/developer-guide/autonomous-transaction/4-restrictions.md)\n + Logical Replication\n + Logical Decoding\n + [Overview](/developer-guide/logical-replication/logical-decoding/1-logical-decoding.md)\n + [Logical Decoding by SQL Function Interfaces](/developer-guide/logical-replication/logical-decoding/2-logical-decoding-by-sql-function-interfaces.md)\n + [Publication-Subscription](/developer-guide/logical-replication/publication-subscription/publication-subscription.md)\n + [Publications](/developer-guide/logical-replication/publication-subscription/publications.md)\n + [Subscriptions](/developer-guide/logical-replication/publication-subscription/subscriptions.md)\n + [Conflicts](/developer-guide/logical-replication/publication-subscription/conflicts.md)\n + [Restrictions](/developer-guide/logical-replication/publication-subscription/restrictions.md)\n + [Architecture](/developer-guide/logical-replication/publication-subscription/architecture.md)\n + [Monitoring](/developer-guide/logical-replication/publication-subscription/monitoring.md)\n + [Security](/developer-guide/logical-replication/publication-subscription/security.md)\n + [Configuration Settings](/developer-guide/logical-replication/publication-subscription/configuration-settings.md)\n + [Quick Setup](/developer-guide/logical-replication/publication-subscription/quick-setup.md)\n + Foreign Data Wrapper\n + [Introduction](/developer-guide/foreign-data-wrapper/fdw-introduction.md)\n + [oracle_fdw](/developer-guide/foreign-data-wrapper/1-oracle_fdw.md)\n + [mysql_fdw](/developer-guide/foreign-data-wrapper/2-mysql_fdw.md)\n + [postgres_fdw](/developer-guide/foreign-data-wrapper/3-postgres_fdw.md)\n + [file_fdw](/developer-guide/foreign-data-wrapper/file_fdw.md)\n + [dblink](/developer-guide/foreign-data-wrapper/dblink.md)\n + Materialized View\n + [Materialized View Overview](/developer-guide/materialized-view/1-materialized-view-overview.md)\n + Full Materialized View\n + [Overview](/developer-guide/materialized-view/2-full-materialized-view/1-full-materialized-view-overview.md)\n + [Usage](/developer-guide/materialized-view/2-full-materialized-view/2-full-materialized-view-usage.md)\n + [Support and Constraints](/developer-guide/materialized-view/2-full-materialized-view/3-full-materialized-view-support-and-constraints.md)\n + Incremental Materialized View\n + [Overview](/developer-guide/materialized-view/3-incremental-materialized-view/1-incremental-materialized-view-overview.md)\n + [Usage](/developer-guide/materialized-view/3-incremental-materialized-view/2-incremental-materialized-view-usage.md)\n + [Support and Constraints](/developer-guide/materialized-view/3-incremental-materialized-view/3-incremental-materialized-view-support-and-constraints.md)\n + Partition Management\n + Partition Pruning\n + [Benefits of Partition Pruning](/developer-guide/partition-management/partition-pruning/benefits-of-partition-pruning.md)\n + [Information That Can Be Used For Partition Pruning](/developer-guide/partition-management/partition-pruning/information-that-can-be-used-for-partition-pruning.md)\n + [How To Identify Whether Partition Pruning Has Been Used](/developer-guide/partition-management/partition-pruning/how-to-identify-whether-partition-pruning-has-been-used.md)\n + [Static Partition Pruning](/developer-guide/partition-management/partition-pruning/static-partition-pruning.md)\n + [Dynamic Partition Pruning](/developer-guide/partition-management/partition-pruning/dynamic-partition-pruning.md)\n + Recommendations For Choosing A Partitioning Strategy\n + [When To Use Range Partitioning](/developer-guide/partition-management/recommendations-for-choosing-a-partitioning-strategy/when-to-use-range-partitioning.md)\n + [When To Use List Partitioning](/developer-guide/partition-management/recommendations-for-choosing-a-partitioning-strategy/when-to-use-list-partitioning.md)\n + [When To Use Hash Partitioning](/developer-guide/partition-management/recommendations-for-choosing-a-partitioning-strategy/when-to-use-hash-partitioning.md)\n+ Performance Tuning Guide\n + System Optimization\n + [Optimizing OS Parameters](/performance-tuning/1-system/1-optimizing-os-parameters.md)\n + [Optimizing Database Parameters](/performance-tuning/1-system/2-optimizing-database-parameters.md)\n + [Configuring SMP](/performance-tuning/1-system/4-configuring-smp.md)\n + [Configuring LLVM](/performance-tuning/1-system/3-configuring-llvm.md)\n + SQL Optimization\n + [Query Execution Process](/performance-tuning/2-sql/1-query-execution-process.md)\n + [Introduction to the SQL Execution Plan](/performance-tuning/2-sql/2-introduction-to-the-sql-execution-plan.md)\n + [Tuning Process](/performance-tuning/2-sql/3-tuning-process.md)\n + [Updating Statistics](/performance-tuning/2-sql/4-updating-statistics.md)\n + [Reviewing and Modifying a Table Definition](/performance-tuning/2-sql/5-reviewing-and-modifying-a-table-definition.md)\n + [Typical SQL Optimization Methods](/performance-tuning/2-sql/6-typical-sql-optimization-methods.md)\n + [Experience in Rewriting SQL Statements](/performance-tuning/2-sql/7-experience-in-rewriting-sql-statements.md)\n + [Resetting Key Parameters During SQL Tuning](/performance-tuning/2-sql/8-resetting-key-parameters-during-sql-tuning.md)\n + [Hint-based Tuning](/performance-tuning/2-sql/9-hint-based-tuning.md)\n + WDR Snapshot\n + [WDR Snapshot Schema](/performance-tuning/3-wdr/wdr-snapshot-schema.md)\n + [Viewing WDRs](/performance-tuning/3-wdr/wdr-report.md)\n + [Using the Vectorized Executor for Tuning](/performance-tuning/tuning-with-vector-engine.md)\n + [TPC-C Performance Tunning Guide](/performance-tuning/TPCC-performance-tuning-guide.md)\n+ Reference Guide\n + System Catalogs and System Views\n + [Overview of System Catalogs and System Views](/reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/overview-of-system-catalogs-and-system-views.md)\n + System Catalogs\n + [GS_ASP](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_ASP.md)\n + [GS_AUDITING_POLICY](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_AUDITING_POLICY.md)\n + [GS_AUDITING_POLICY_ACCESS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_AUDITING_POLICY_ACCESS.md)\n + [GS_AUDITING_POLICY_FILTERS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_AUDITING_POLICY_FILTERS.md)\n + [GS_AUDITING_POLICY_PRIVILEGES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_AUDITING_POLICY_PRIVILEGES.md)\n + [GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS.md)\n + [GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS_ARGS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_CLIENT_GLOBAL_KEYS_ARGS.md)\n + [GS_COLUMN_KEYS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_COLUMN_KEYS.md)\n + [GS_COLUMN_KEYS_ARGS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_COLUMN_KEYS_ARGS.md)\n + [GS_DB_PRIVILEGE](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_DB_PRIVILEGE.md)\n + [GS_ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS.md)\n + [GS_ENCRYPTED_PROC](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_ENCRYPTED_PROC.md)\n + [GS_GLOBAL_CHAIN](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_GLOBAL_CHAIN.md)\n + [GS_GLOBAL_CONFIG](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_GLOBAL_CONFIG.md)\n + [GS_MASKING_POLICY](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_MASKING_POLICY.md)\n + [GS_MASKING_POLICY_ACTIONS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_MASKING_POLICY_ACTIONS.md)\n + [GS_MASKING_POLICY_FILTERS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_MASKING_POLICY_FILTERS.md)\n + [GS_MATVIEW](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_MATVIEW.md)\n + [GS_MATVIEW_DEPENDENCY](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_MATVIEW_DEPENDENCY.md)\n + [GS_MODEL_WAREHOUSE](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_MODEL_WAREHOUSE.md)\n + [GS_OPT_MODEL](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_OPT_MODEL.md)\n + [GS_PACKAGE](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_PACKAGE.md)\n + [GS_POLICY_LABEL](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_POLICY_LABEL.md)\n + [GS_RECYCLEBIN](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_RECYCLEBIN.md)\n + [GS_TXN_SNAPSHOT](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_TXN_SNAPSHOT.md)\n + [GS_UID](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_UID.md)\n + [GS_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_INFO](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_INFO.md)\n + [GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_WLM_INSTANCE_HISTORY.md)\n + [GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_WLM_OPERATOR_INFO.md)\n + [GS_WLM_PLAN_ENCODING_TABLE](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_WLM_PLAN_ENCODING_TABLE.md)\n + [GS_WLM_PLAN_OPERATOR_INFO](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_WLM_PLAN_OPERATOR_INFO.md)\n + [GS_WLM_SESSION_QUERY_INFO_ALL](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_WLM_SESSION_QUERY_INFO_ALL.md)\n + [GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/GS_WLM_USER_RESOURCE_HISTORY.md)\n + [PG_AGGREGATE](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_AGGREGATE.md)\n + [PG_AM](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_AM.md)\n + [PG_AMOP](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_AMOP.md)\n + [PG_AMPROC](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_AMPROC.md)\n + [PG_APP_WORKLOADGROUP_MAPPING](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_APP_WORKLOADGROUP_MAPPING.md)\n + [PG_ATTRDEF](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_ATTRDEF.md)\n + [PG_ATTRIBUTE](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_ATTRIBUTE.md)\n + [PG_AUTH_HISTORY](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_AUTH_HISTORY.md)\n + [PG_AUTH_MEMBERS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_AUTH_MEMBERS.md)\n + [PG_AUTHID](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_AUTHID.md)\n + [PG_CAST](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_CAST.md)\n + [PG_CLASS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_CLASS.md)\n + [PG_COLLATION](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_COLLATION.md)\n + [PG_CONSTRAINT](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_CONSTRAINT.md)\n + [PG_CONVERSION](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_CONVERSION.md)\n + [PG_DATABASE](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_DATABASE.md)\n + [PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_DB_ROLE_SETTING.md)\n + [PG_DEFAULT_ACL](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_DEFAULT_ACL.md)\n + [PG_DEPEND](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_DEPEND.md)\n + [PG_DESCRIPTION](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_DESCRIPTION.md)\n + [PG_DIRECTORY](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_DIRECTORY.md)\n + [PG_ENUM](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_ENUM.md)\n + [PG_EXTENSION](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_EXTENSION.md)\n + [PG_EXTENSION_DATA_SOURCE](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_EXTENSION_DATA_SOURCE.md)\n + [PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPER.md)\n + [PG_FOREIGN_SERVER](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_FOREIGN_SERVER.md)\n + [PG_FOREIGN_TABLE](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_FOREIGN_TABLE.md)\n + [PG_HASHBUCKET](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_HASHBUCKET.md)\n + [PG_INDEX](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_INDEX.md)\n + [PG_INHERITS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_INHERITS.md)\n + [PG_JOB](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_JOB.md)\n + [PG_JOB_PROC](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_JOB_PROC.md)\n + [PG_LANGUAGE](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_LANGUAGE.md)\n + [PG_LARGEOBJECT](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_LARGEOBJECT.md)\n + [PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_LARGEOBJECT_METADATA.md)\n + [PG_NAMESPACE](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_NAMESPACE.md)\n + [PG_OBJECT](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_OBJECT.md)\n + [PG_OPCLASS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_OPCLASS.md)\n + [PG_OPERATOR](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_OPERATOR.md)\n + [PG_OPFAMILY](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_OPFAMILY.md)\n + [PG_PARTITION](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_PARTITION.md)\n + [PG_PLTEMPLATE](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_PLTEMPLATE.md)\n + [PG_PROC](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_PROC.md)\n + [PG_PUBLICATION](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_PUBLICATION.md)\n + [PG_PUBLICATION_REL](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_PUBLICATION_REL.md)\n + [PG_RANGE](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_RANGE.md)\n + [PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN.md)\n + [PG_RESOURCE_POOL](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_RESOURCE_POOL.md)\n + [PG_REWRITE](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_REWRITE.md)\n + [PG_RLSPOLICY](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_RLSPOLICY.md)\n + [PG_SECLABEL](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_SECLABEL.md)\n + [PG_SHDEPEND](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_SHDEPEND.md)\n + [PG_SHDESCRIPTION](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_SHDESCRIPTION.md)\n + [PG_SHSECLABEL](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_SHSECLABEL.md)\n + [PG_STATISTIC](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_STATISTIC.md)\n + [PG_STATISTIC_EXT](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_STATISTIC_EXT.md)\n + [PG_SUBSCRIPTION](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_SUBSCRIPTION.md)\n + [PG_SYNONYM](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_SYNONYM.md)\n + [PG_TABLESPACE](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_TABLESPACE.md)\n + [PG_TRIGGER](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_TRIGGER.md)\n + [PG_TS_CONFIG](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_TS_CONFIG.md)\n + [PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_TS_CONFIG_MAP.md)\n + [PG_TS_DICT](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_TS_DICT.md)\n + [PG_TS_PARSER](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_TS_PARSER.md)\n + [PG_TS_TEMPLATE](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_TS_TEMPLATE.md)\n + [PG_TYPE](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_TYPE.md)\n + [PG_USER_MAPPING](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_USER_MAPPING.md)\n + [PG_USER_STATUS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_USER_STATUS.md)\n + [PG_WORKLOAD_GROUP](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PG_WORKLOAD_GROUP.md)\n + [PGXC_CLASS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PGXC_CLASS.md)\n + [PGXC_GROUP](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PGXC_GROUP.md)\n + [PGXC_NODE](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PGXC_NODE.md)\n + [PGXC_SLICE](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PGXC_SLICE.md)\n + [PLAN_TABLE_DATA](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/PLAN_TABLE_DATA.md)\n + [STATEMENT_HISTORY](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-catalogs/STATEMENT_HISTORY.md)\n + System Views\n + [DV_SESSION_LONGOPS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/DV_SESSION_LONGOPS.md)\n + [DV_SESSIONS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/DV_SESSIONS.md)\n + [GET_GLOBAL_PREPARED_XACTS(Discarded)](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GET_GLOBAL_PREPARED_XACTS.md)\n + [GS_AUDITING](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_AUDITING.md)\n + [GS_AUDITING_ACCESS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_AUDITING_ACCESS.md)\n + [GS_AUDITING_PRIVILEGE](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_AUDITING_PRIVILEGE.md)\n + [GS_ASYNC_SUBMIT_SESSIONS_STATUS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_ASYNC_SUBMIT_SESSIONS_STATUS.md)\n + [GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_CLUSTER_RESOURCE_INFO.md)\n + [GS_DB_PRIVILEGES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_DB_PRIVILEGES.md)\n + [GS_FILE_STAT](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_FILE_STAT.md)\n + [GS_GSC_MEMORY_DETAIL](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_GSC_MEMORY_DETAIL.md)\n + [GS_INSTANCE_TIME](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_INSTANCE_TIME.md)\n + [GS_LABELS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_LABELS.md)\n + [GS_LSC_MEMORY_DETAIL](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_LSC_MEMORY_DETAIL.md)\n + [GS_MASKING](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_MASKING.md)\n + [GS_MATVIEWS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_MATVIEWS.md)\n + [GS_OS_RUN_INFO](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_OS_RUN_INFO.md)\n + [GS_REDO_STAT](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_REDO_STAT.md)\n + [GS_SESSION_CPU_STATISTICS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_SESSION_CPU_STATISTICS.md)\n + [GS_SESSION_MEMORY](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_SESSION_MEMORY.md)\n + [GS_SESSION_MEMORY_CONTEXT](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_SESSION_MEMORY_CONTEXT.md)\n + [GS_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL.md)\n + [GS_SESSION_MEMORY_STATISTICS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_SESSION_MEMORY_STATISTICS.md)\n + [GS_SESSION_STAT](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_SESSION_STAT.md)\n + [GS_SESSION_TIME](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_SESSION_TIME.md)\n + [GS_SQL_COUNT](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_SQL_COUNT.md)\n + [GS_STAT_SESSION_CU](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_STAT_SESSION_CU.md)\n + [GS_THREAD_MEMORY_CONTEXT](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_THREAD_MEMORY_CONTEXT.md)\n + [GS_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL.md)\n + [GS_WLM_CGROUP_INFO](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_WLM_CGROUP_INFO.md)\n + [GS_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_STATISTICS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_WLM_EC_OPERATOR_STATISTICS.md)\n + [GS_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_WLM_OPERATOR_HISTORY.md)\n + [GS_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_WLM_OPERATOR_STATISTICS.md)\n + [GS_WLM_PLAN_OPERATOR_HISTORY](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_WLM_PLAN_OPERATOR_HISTORY.md)\n + [GS_WLM_REBUILD_USER_RESOURCE_POOL](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_WLM_REBUILD_USER_RESOURCE_POOL.md)\n + [GS_WLM_RESOURCE_POOL](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_WLM_RESOURCE_POOL.md)\n + [GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_WLM_SESSION_HISTORY.md)\n + [GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO.md)\n + [GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO_ALL](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_WLM_SESSION_INFO_ALL.md)\n + [GS_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_WLM_SESSION_STATISTICS.md)\n + [GS_WLM_USER_INFO](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_WLM_USER_INFO.md)\n + [GS_WRITE_TERM_LOG](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/GS_WRITE_TERM_LOG.md)\n + [MPP_TABLES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/MPP_TABLES.md)\n + [PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSION_VERSIONS.md)\n + [PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_AVAILABLE_EXTENSIONS.md)\n + [PG_COMM_DELAY](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_COMM_DELAY.md)\n + [PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_COMM_RECV_STREAM.md)\n + [PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_COMM_SEND_STREAM.md)\n + [PG_COMM_STATUS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_COMM_STATUS.md)\n + [PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_CONTROL_GROUP_CONFIG.md)\n + [PG_CURSORS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_CURSORS.md)\n + [PG_EXT_STATS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_EXT_STATS.md)\n + [PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_GET_INVALID_BACKENDS.md)\n + [PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_GET_SENDERS_CATCHUP_TIME.md)\n + [PG_GROUP](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_GROUP.md)\n + [PG_GTT_ATTACHED_PIDS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_GTT_ATTACHED_PIDS.md)\n + [PG_GTT_RELSTATS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_GTT_RELSTATS.md)\n + [PG_GTT_STATS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_GTT_STATS.md)\n + [PG_INDEXES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_INDEXES.md)\n + [PG_LOCKS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_LOCKS.md)\n + [PG_NODE_ENV](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_NODE_ENV.md)\n + [PG_OS_THREADS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_OS_THREADS.md)\n + [PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_PREPARED_STATEMENTS.md)\n + [PG_PREPARED_XACTS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_PREPARED_XACTS.md)\n + [PG_PUBLICATION_TABLES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_PUBLICATION_TABLES.md)\n + [PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN_STATUS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_REPLICATION_ORIGIN_STATUS.md)\n + [PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_REPLICATION_SLOTS.md)\n + [PG_RLSPOLICIES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_RLSPOLICIES.md)\n + [PG_ROLES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_ROLES.md)\n + [PG_RULES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_RULES.md)\n + [PG_RUNNING_XACTS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_RUNNING_XACTS.md)\n + [PG_SECLABELS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_SECLABELS.md)\n + [PG_SESSION_IOSTAT](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_SESSION_IOSTAT.md)\n + [PG_SESSION_WLMSTAT](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_SESSION_WLMSTAT.md)\n + [PG_SETTINGS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_SETTINGS.md)\n + [PG_SHADOW](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_SHADOW.md)\n + [PG_STAT_ACTIVITY](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STAT_ACTIVITY.md)\n + [PG_STAT_ACTIVITY_NG](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STAT_ACTIVITY_NG.md)\n + [PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STAT_ALL_INDEXES.md)\n + [PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STAT_ALL_TABLES.md)\n + [PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STAT_BAD_BLOCK.md)\n + [PG_STAT_BGWRITER](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STAT_BGWRITER.md)\n + [PG_STAT_DATABASE](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STAT_DATABASE.md)\n + [PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS.md)\n + [PG_STAT_REPLICATION](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STAT_REPLICATION.md)\n + [PG_STAT_SUBSCRIPTION](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STAT_SUBSCRIPTION.md)\n + [PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STAT_SYS_INDEXES.md)\n + [PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STAT_SYS_TABLES.md)\n + [PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS.md)\n + [PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STAT_USER_INDEXES.md)\n + [PG_STAT_USER_TABLES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STAT_USER_TABLES.md)\n + [PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES.md)\n + [PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES.md)\n + [PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS.md)\n + [PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES.md)\n + [PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES.md)\n + [PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES.md)\n + [PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STATIO_ALL_TABLES.md)\n + [PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES.md)\n + [PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES.md)\n + [PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STATIO_SYS_TABLES.md)\n + [PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STATIO_USER_INDEXES.md)\n + [PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES.md)\n + [PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STATIO_USER_TABLES.md)\n + [PG_STATS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_STATS.md)\n + [PG_TABLES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_TABLES.md)\n + [PG_TDE_INFO](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_TDE_INFO.md)\n + [PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS.md)\n + [PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_TIMEZONE_ABBREVS.md)\n + [PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_TIMEZONE_NAMES.md)\n + [PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_TOTAL_MEMORY_DETAIL.md)\n + [PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO.md)\n + [PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO_OID](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_TOTAL_USER_RESOURCE_INFO_OID.md)\n + [PG_USER](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_USER.md)\n + [PG_USER_MAPPINGS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_USER_MAPPINGS.md)\n + [PG_VARIABLE_INFO](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_VARIABLE_INFO.md)\n + [PG_VIEWS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_VIEWS.md)\n + [PG_WLM_STATISTICS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PG_WLM_STATISTICS.md)\n + [PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PGXC_PREPARED_XACTS.md)\n + [PLAN_TABLE](./reference-guide/system-catalogs-and-system-views/system-views/PLAN_TABLE.md)\n + Functions and Operators\n + [Logical Operators](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/1-logical-operators.md)\n + [Comparison Operators](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/2-comparison-operators.md)\n + [Character Processing Functions and Operators](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/3-character-processing-functions-and-operators.md)\n + [Binary String Functions and Operators](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/4-binary-string-functions-and-operators.md)\n + [Bit String Functions and Operators](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/5-bit-string-functions-and-operators.md)\n + [Mode Matching Operators](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/6-mode-matching-operators.md)\n + [Mathematical Functions and Operators](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/7-mathematical-functions-and-operators.md)\n + [Date and Time Processing Functions and Operators](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/8-date-and-time-processing-functions-and-operators.md)\n + [Type Conversion Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/9-type-conversion-functions.md)\n + [Geometric Functions and Operators](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/10-geometric-functions-and-operators.md)\n + [Network Address Functions and Operators](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/11-network-address-functions-and-operators.md)\n + [Text Search Functions and Operators](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/12-text-search-functions-and-operators.md)\n + [JSON/JSONB Functions and Operators](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/13-json-functions.md)\n + [HLL Functions and Operators](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/13.1-hll-functions-and-operators.md)\n + [SEQUENCE Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/14-sequence-functions.md)\n + [Array Functions and Operators](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/15-array-functions-and-operators.md)\n + [Range Functions and Operators](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/16-range-functions-and-operators.md)\n + [Aggregate Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/17-aggregate-functions.md)\n + [Window Functions(Analysis Functions)](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/18-window-functions.md)\n + [Security Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/19-security-functions.md)\n + [Ledger Database Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/20.1-ledger-database-functions.md)\n + [Encrypted Equality Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/20-encrypted-equality-functions.md)\n + [Set Returning Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/21-set-returning-functions.md)\n + [Conditional Expression Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/22-conditional-expressions-functions.md)\n + [System Information Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/23-system-information-functions.md)\n + System Administration Functions\n + [Configuration Settings Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/24-system-management-functions/1-configuration-settings-functions.md)\n + [Universal File Access Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/24-system-management-functions/2-universal-file-access-functions.md)\n + [Server Signal Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/24-system-management-functions/3-server-signal-functions.md)\n + [Backup and Restoration Control Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/24-system-management-functions/4-backup-and-restoration-control-functions.md)\n + [Snapshot Synchronization Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/24-system-management-functions/5-snapshot-synchronization-functions.md)\n + [Database Object Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/24-system-management-functions/6-database-object-functions.md)\n + [Advisory Lock Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/24-system-management-functions/7-advisory-lock-functions.md)\n + [Logical Replication Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/24-system-management-functions/8-logical-replication-functions.md)\n + [Segment-Page Storage Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/24-system-management-functions/9.1-segment-page-storage-functions.md)\n + [Other Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/24-system-management-functions/9-other-functions.md)\n + [Undo System Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/24-system-management-functions/10-undo-system-functions.md)\n + [Statistics Information Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/25-statistics-information-functions.md)\n + [Trigger Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/26-trigger-functions.md)\n + [Hash Function](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/27.1-hash-function.md)\n + [Prompt Message Function](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/27.2-prompt-message-function.md)\n + [Global Temporary Table Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/27-global-temporary-table-functions.md)\n + [Fault Injection System Function](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/28.1-fault-injection-system-function.md)\n + [AI Feature Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/28-ai-feature-functions.md)\n + [Dynamic Data Masking Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/29.1-dynamic-data-masking-functions.md)\n + [Other System Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/29-other-system-functions.md)\n + [Internal Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/30-internal-functions.md)\n + [Global SysCache Feature Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/32-global-syscache-feature-functions.md)\n + [Data Damage Detection and Repair Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/33-data-damage-detection-and-repair-functions.md)\n + [Obsolete Functions](/reference-guide/functions-and-operators/31-obsolete-functions.md)\n + Supported Data Types\n + [Numeric Types](/reference-guide/supported-data-types/1-numeric-data-types.md)\n + [Monetary Types](/reference-guide/supported-data-types/2-monetary.md)\n + [Boolean Types](/reference-guide/supported-data-types/3-boolean-data-types.md)\n + [Enumerated Types](/reference-guide/supported-data-types/4.1-enumerated-types.md)\n + [Character Types](/reference-guide/supported-data-types/4-character-data-types.md)\n + [Binary Types](/reference-guide/supported-data-types/5-binary-data-types.md)\n + [Date/Time Types](/reference-guide/supported-data-types/6-date-time-types.md)\n + [Geometric](/reference-guide/supported-data-types/7-geometric.md)\n + [Network Address Types](/reference-guide/supported-data-types/8-network-address.md)\n + [Bit String Types](/reference-guide/supported-data-types/9-bit-string-types.md)\n + [Text Search Types](/reference-guide/supported-data-types/10-text-search-types.md)\n + [UUID](/reference-guide/supported-data-types/11-uuid-type.md)\n + [JSON/JSONB Types](/reference-guide/supported-data-types/12-json-types.md)\n + [HLL](/reference-guide/supported-data-types/13-HLL.md)\n + [Array Types](/reference-guide/supported-data-types/13.0-array-types.md)\n + [Range](/reference-guide/supported-data-types/13.1-range.md)\n + [OID Types](/reference-guide/supported-data-types/14-object-identifier-types.md)\n + [Pseudo-Types](/reference-guide/supported-data-types/15-pseudo-types.md)\n + [Data Types Supported by Column-store Tables](/reference-guide/supported-data-types/16-data-types-supported-by-column-store-tables.md)\n + [XML Types](/reference-guide/supported-data-types/17-xml-type.md)\n + [Data Type Used by the Ledger Database](/reference-guide/supported-data-types/18-data-type-used-by-the-ledger-database.md)\n + SQL Syntax\n + [ABORT](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ABORT.md)\n + [ALTER AGGREGATE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-AGGREGATE.md)\n + [ALTER AUDIT POLICY](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-AUDIT-POLICY.md)\n + [ALTER DATABASE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-DATABASE.md)\n + [ALTER DATA SOURCE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-DATA-SOURCE.md)\n + [ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-DEFAULT-PRIVILEGES.md)\n + [ALTER DIRECTORY](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-DIRECTORY.md)\n + [ALTER EXTENSION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-EXTENSION.md)\n + [ALTER FOREIGN TABLE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-FOREIGN-TABLE.md)\n + [ALTER FUNCTION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-FUNCTION.md)\n + [ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-GLOBAL-CONFIGURATION.md)\n + [ALTER GROUP](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-GROUP.md)\n + [ALTER INDEX](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-INDEX.md)\n + [ALTER LANGUAGE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-LANGUAGE.md)\n + [ALTER LARGE OBJECT](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-LARGE-OBJECT.md)\n + [ALTER MASKING POLICY](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-MASKING-POLICY.md)\n + [ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-MATERIALIZED-VIEW.md)\n + [ALTER PACKAGE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-PACKAGE.md)\n + [ALTER PROCEDURE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-PROCEDURE.md)\n + [ALTER PUBLICATION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-PUBLICATION.md)\n + [ALTER RESOURCE LABEL](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-RESOURCE-LABEL.md)\n + [ALTER RESOURCE POOL](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-RESOURCE-POOL.md)\n + [ALTER ROLE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-ROLE.md)\n + [ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-ROW-LEVEL-SECURITY-POLICY.md)\n + [ALTER RULE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-RULE.md)\n + [ALTER SCHEMA](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-SCHEMA.md)\n + [ALTER SEQUENCE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-SEQUENCE.md)\n + [ALTER SERVER](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-SERVER.md)\n + [ALTER SESSION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-SESSION.md)\n + [ALTER SUBSCRIPTION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-SUBSCRIPTION.md)\n + [ALTER SYNONYM](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-SYNONYM.md)\n + [ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-SYSTEM-KILL-SESSION.md)\n + [ALTER SYSTEM SET](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-SYSTEM-SET.md)\n + [ALTER TABLE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-TABLE.md)\n + [ALTER TABLE PARTITION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-TABLE-PARTITION.md)\n + [ALTER TABLE SUBPARTITION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-TABLE-SUBPARTITION.md)\n + [ALTER TABLESPACE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-TABLESPACE.md)\n + [ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-TEXT-SEARCH-CONFIGURATION.md)\n + [ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-TEXT-SEARCH-DICTIONARY.md)\n + [ALTER TRIGGER](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-TRIGGER.md)\n + [ALTER TYPE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-TYPE.md)\n + [ALTER USER](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-USER.md)\n + [ALTER USER MAPPING](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-USER-MAPPING.md)\n + [ALTER VIEW](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ALTER-VIEW.md)\n + [ANALYZE | ANALYSE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ANALYZE-ANALYSE.md)\n + [BEGIN](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/BEGIN.md)\n + [CALL](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CALL.md)\n + [CHECKPOINT](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CHECKPOINT.md)\n + [CLEAN CONNECTION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CLEAN-CONNECTION.md)\n + [CLOSE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CLOSE.md)\n + [CLUSTER](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CLUSTER.md)\n + [COMMENT](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/COMMENT.md)\n + [COMMIT | END](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/COMMIT-END.md)\n + [COMMIT PREPARED](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/COMMIT-PREPARED.md)\n + [CONNECT BY](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CONNECT-BY.md)\n + [COPY](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/COPY.md)\n + [CREATE AGGREGATE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-AGGREGATE.md)\n + [CREATE AUDIT POLICY](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-AUDIT-POLICY.md)\n + [CREATE CAST](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-CAST.md)\n + [CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-CLIENT-MASTER-KEY.md)\n + [CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-COLUMN-ENCRYPTION-KEY.md)\n + [CREATE DATABASE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-DATABASE.md)\n + [CREATE DATA SOURCE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-DATA-SOURCE.md)\n + [CREATE DIRECTORY](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-DIRECTORY.md)\n + [CREATE EXTENSION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-EXTENSION.md)\n + [CREATE FOREIGN TABLE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-FOREIGN-TABLE.md)\n + [CREATE FUNCTION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-FUNCTION.md)\n + [CREATE GROUP](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-GROUP.md)\n + [CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-INCREMENTAL-MATERIALIZED-VIEW.md)\n + [CREATE INDEX](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-INDEX.md)\n + [CREATE LANGUAGE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-LANGUAGE.md)\n + [CREATE MASKING POLICY](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-MASKING-POLICY.md)\n + [CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-MATERIALIZED-VIEW.md)\n + [CREATE MODEL](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-MODEL.md)\n + [CREATE OPERATOR](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-OPERATOR.md)\n + [CREATE PACKAGE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-PACKAGE.md)\n + [CREATE PROCEDURE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-PROCEDURE.md)\n + [CREATE PUBLICATION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-PUBLICATION.md)\n + [CREATE RESOURCE LABEL](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-RESOURCE-LABEL.md)\n + [CREATE RESOURCE POOL](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-RESOURCE-POOL.md)\n + [CREATE ROLE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-ROLE.md)\n + [CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-ROW-LEVEL-SECURITY-POLICY.md)\n + [CREATE RULE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-RULE.md)\n + [CREATE SCHEMA](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-SCHEMA.md)\n + [CREATE SEQUENCE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-SEQUENCE.md)\n + [CREATE SERVER](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-SERVER.md)\n + [CREATE SUBSCRIPTION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-SUBSCRIPTION.md)\n + [CREATE SYNONYM](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-SYNONYM.md)\n + [CREATE TABLE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-TABLE.md)\n + [CREATE TABLE AS](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-TABLE-AS.md)\n + [CREATE TABLE PARTITION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-TABLE-PARTITION.md)\n + [CREATE TABLE SUBPARTITION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-TABLE-SUBPARTITION.md)\n + [CREATE TABLESPACE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-TABLESPACE.md)\n + [CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-TEXT-SEARCH-CONFIGURATION.md)\n + [CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-TEXT-SEARCH-DICTIONARY.md)\n + [CREATE TRIGGER](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-TRIGGER.md)\n + [CREATE TYPE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-TYPE.md)\n + [CREATE USER](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-USER.md)\n + [CREATE USER MAPPING](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-USER-MAPPING.md)\n + [CREATE VIEW](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-VIEW.md)\n + [CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CREATE-WEAK-PASSWORD-DICTIONARY.md)\n + [CURSOR](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/CURSOR.md)\n + [DEALLOCATE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DEALLOCATE.md)\n + [DECLARE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DECLARE.md)\n + [DELETE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DELETE.md)\n + [DO](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DO.md)\n + [DROP AGGREGATE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-AGGREGATE.md)\n + [DROP AUDIT POLICY](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-AUDIT-POLICY.md)\n + [DROP CAST](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-CAST.md)\n + [DROP CLIENT MASTER KEY](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-CLIENT-MASTER-KEY.md)\n + [DROP COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-COLUMN-ENCRYPTION-KEY.md)\n + [DROP DATABASE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-DATABASE.md)\n + [DROP DATA SOURCE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-DATA-SOURCE.md)\n + [DROP DIRECTORY](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-DIRECTORY.md)\n + [DROP EXTENSION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-EXTENSION.md)\n + [DROP FOREIGN TABLE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-FOREIGN-TABLE.md)\n + [DROP FUNCTION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-FUNCTION.md)\n + [DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-GLOBAL-CONFIGURATION.md)\n + [DROP GROUP](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-GROUP.md)\n + [DROP INDEX](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-INDEX.md)\n + [DROP LANGUAGE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-LANGUAGE.md)\n + [DROP MASKING POLICY](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-MASKING-POLICY.md)\n + [DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-MATERIALIZED-VIEW.md)\n + [DROP MODEL](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-MODEL.md)\n + [DROP OPERATOR](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-OPERATOR.md)\n + [DROP OWNED](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-OWNED.md)\n + [DROP PACKAGE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-PACKAGE.md)\n + [DROP PROCEDURE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-PROCEDURE.md)\n + [DROP PUBLICATION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-PUBLICATION.md)\n + [DROP RESOURCE LABEL](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-RESOURCE-LABEL.md)\n + [DROP RESOURCE POOL](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-RESOURCE-POOL.md)\n + [DROP ROLE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-ROLE.md)\n + [DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-ROW-LEVEL-SECURITY-POLICY.md)\n + [DROP RULE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-RULE.md)\n + [DROP SCHEMA](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-SCHEMA.md)\n + [DROP SEQUENCE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-SEQUENCE.md)\n + [DROP SERVER](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-SERVER.md)\n + [DROP SUBSCRIPTION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-SUBSCRIPTION.md)\n + [DROP SYNONYM](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-SYNONYM.md)\n + [DROP TABLE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-TABLE.md)\n + [DROP TABLESPACE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-TABLESPACE.md)\n + [DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-TEXT-SEARCH-CONFIGURATION.md)\n + [DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-TEXT-SEARCH-DICTIONARY.md)\n + [DROP TRIGGER](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-TRIGGER.md)\n + [DROP TYPE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-TYPE.md)\n + [DROP USER](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-USER.md)\n + [DROP USER MAPPING](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-USER-MAPPING.md)\n + [DROP VIEW](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-VIEW.md)\n + [DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/DROP-WEAK-PASSWORD-DICTIONARY.md)\n + [EXECUTE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/EXECUTE.md)\n + [EXECUTE DIRECT](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/EXECUTE-DIRECT.md)\n + [EXPLAIN](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/EXPLAIN.md)\n + [EXPLAIN PLAN](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/EXPLAIN-PLAN.md)\n + [FETCH](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/FETCH.md)\n + [GRANT](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/GRANT.md)\n + [INSERT](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/INSERT.md)\n + [LOCK](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/LOCK.md)\n + [MERGE INTO](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/MERGE-INTO.md)\n + [MOVE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/MOVE.md)\n + [PREDICT BY](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/PREDICT-BY.md)\n + [PREPARE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/PREPARE.md)\n + [PREPARE TRANSACTION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/PREPARE-TRANSACTION.md)\n + [PURGE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/PURGE.md)\n + [REASSIGN OWNED](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/REASSIGN-OWNED.md)\n + [REFRESH INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/REFRESH-INCREMENTAL-MATERIALIZED-VIEW.md)\n + [REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/REFRESH-MATERIALIZED-VIEW.md)\n + [REINDEX](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/REINDEX.md)\n + [RELEASE SAVEPOINT](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/RELEASE-SAVEPOINT.md)\n + [RESET](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/RESET.md)\n + [REVOKE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/REVOKE.md)\n + [ROLLBACK](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ROLLBACK.md)\n + [ROLLBACK PREPARED](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ROLLBACK-PREPARED.md)\n + [ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/ROLLBACK-TO-SAVEPOINT.md)\n + [SAVEPOINT](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/SAVEPOINT.md)\n + [SELECT](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/SELECT.md)\n + [SELECT INTO](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/SELECT-INTO.md)\n + [SET](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/SET.md)\n + [SET CONSTRAINTS](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/SET-CONSTRAINTS.md)\n + [SET ROLE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/SET-ROLE.md)\n + [SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/SET-SESSION-AUTHORIZATION.md)\n + [SET TRANSACTION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/SET-TRANSACTION.md)\n + [SHOW](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/SHOW.md)\n + [SHUTDOWN](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/SHUTDOWN.md)\n + [SNAPSHOT](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/SNAPSHOT.md)\n + [START TRANSACTION](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/START-TRANSACTION.md)\n + [TIMECAPSULE TABLE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/TIMECAPSULE-TABLE.md)\n + [TRUNCATE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/TRUNCATE.md)\n + [UPDATE](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/UPDATE.md)\n + [VACUUM](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/VACUUM.md)\n + [VALUES](/reference-guide/sql-syntax/VALUES.md)\n + SQL Reference\n + [MogDB SQL](/reference-guide/sql-reference/1-mogdb-sql.md)\n + [Keywords](/reference-guide/sql-reference/2-keywords.md)\n + [Constant and Macro](/reference-guide/sql-reference/3-constant-and-macro.md)\n + Expressions\n + [Simple Expressions](/reference-guide/sql-reference/4-expressions/1-simple-expressions.md)\n + [Condition Expressions](/reference-guide/sql-reference/4-expressions/2-condition-expressions.md)\n + [Subquery Expressions](/reference-guide/sql-reference/4-expressions/3-subquery-expressions.md)\n + [Array Expressions](/reference-guide/sql-reference/4-expressions/4-array-expressions.md)\n + [Row Expressions](/reference-guide/sql-reference/4-expressions/5-row-expressions.md)\n + Type Conversion\n + [Overview](/reference-guide/sql-reference/5-type-conversion/1-type-conversion-overview.md)\n + [Operators](/reference-guide/sql-reference/5-type-conversion/2-operators.md)\n + [Functions](/reference-guide/sql-reference/5-type-conversion/3-functions.md)\n + [Value Storage](/reference-guide/sql-reference/5-type-conversion/4-value-storage.md)\n + [UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs](/reference-guide/sql-reference/5-type-conversion/5-union-case-and-related-constructs.md)\n + Full Text Search\n + Introduction\n + [Full-Text Retrieval](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/1-introduction/1-full-text-retrieval.md)\n + [What Is a Document?](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/1-introduction/2-what-is-a-document.md)\n + [Basic Text Matching](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/1-introduction/3-basic-text-matching.md)\n + [Configurations](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/1-introduction/4-configurations.md)\n + Tables and Indexes\n + [Searching a Table](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/2-tables-and-indexes/1-searching-a-table.md)\n + [Creating an Index](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/2-tables-and-indexes/2-creating-an-index.md)\n + [Constraints on Index Use](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/2-tables-and-indexes/3-constraints-on-index-use.md)\n + Controlling Text Search\n + [Parsing Documents](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/3-controlling-text-search/1-parsing-documents.md)\n + [Parsing Queries](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/3-controlling-text-search/2-parsing-queries.md)\n + [Ranking Search Results](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/3-controlling-text-search/3-ranking-search-results.md)\n + [Highlighting Results](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/3-controlling-text-search/4-highlighting-results.md)\n + Additional Features\n + [Manipulating tsvector](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/4-additional-features/1-manipulating-tsvector.md)\n + [Manipulating Queries](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/4-additional-features/2-manipulating-queries.md)\n + [Rewriting Queries](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/4-additional-features/3-rewriting-queries.md)\n + [Gathering Document Statistics](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/4-additional-features/4-gathering-document-statistics.md)\n + [Parser](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/5-parser.md)\n + Dictionaries\n + [Overview](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/6-dictionaries/1-dictionaries-overview.md)\n + [Stop Words](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/6-dictionaries/2-stop-words.md)\n + [Simple Dictionary](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/6-dictionaries/3-simple-dictionary.md)\n + [Synonym Dictionary](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/6-dictionaries/4-synonym-dictionary.md)\n + [Thesaurus Dictionary](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/6-dictionaries/5-thesaurus-dictionary.md)\n + [Ispell Dictionary](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/6-dictionaries/6-ispell-dictionary.md)\n + [Snowball Dictionary](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/6-dictionaries/7-snowball-dictionary.md)\n + [Configuration Examples](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/7-configuration-examples.md)\n + Testing and Debugging Text Search\n + [Testing a Configuration](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/8-testing-and-debugging-text-search/1-testing-a-configuration.md)\n + [Testing a Parser](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/8-testing-and-debugging-text-search/2-testing-a-parser.md)\n + [Testing a Dictionary](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/8-testing-and-debugging-text-search/3-testing-a-dictionary.md)\n + [Limitations](/reference-guide/sql-reference/6-full-text-search/9-limitations.md)\n + [System Operation](/reference-guide/sql-reference/7-system-operation.md)\n + [Controlling Transactions](/reference-guide/sql-reference/8-controlling-transactions.md)\n + [DDL Syntax Overview](/reference-guide/sql-reference/9-ddl-syntax-overview.md)\n + [DML Syntax Overview](/reference-guide/sql-reference/10-dml-syntax-overview.md)\n + [DCL Syntax Overview](/reference-guide/sql-reference/11-dcl-syntax-overview.md)\n + Appendix\n + GIN Indexes\n + [Introduction](/reference-guide/sql-reference/13-appendix/1-gin-indexes/1-introduction.md)\n + [Scalability](/reference-guide/sql-reference/13-appendix/1-gin-indexes/2-scalability.md)\n + [Implementation](/reference-guide/sql-reference/13-appendix/1-gin-indexes/3-implementation.md)\n + [GIN Tips and Tricks](/reference-guide/sql-reference/13-appendix/1-gin-indexes/4-gin-tips-and-tricks.md)\n + [Extended Functions](/reference-guide/sql-reference/13-appendix/2-extended-functions.md)\n + [Extended Syntax](/reference-guide/sql-reference/13-appendix/3-extended-syntax.md)\n + GUC Parameters\n + [GUC Parameter Usage](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/1-guc-parameter-usage.md)\n + [GUC Parameter List](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/guc-parameter-list.md)\n + [File Location](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/2-file-location.md)\n + Connection and Authentication\n + [Connection Settings](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/3-connection-and-authentication/1-connection-settings.md)\n + [Security and Authentication (postgresql.conf)](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/3-connection-and-authentication/2-security-and-authentication.md)\n + [Communication Library Parameters](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/3-connection-and-authentication/3-communication-library-parameters.md)\n + Resource Consumption\n + [Memory](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/4-resource-consumption/1-memory.md)\n + [Disk Space](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/4-resource-consumption/2-disk-space.md)\n + [Kernel Resource Usage](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/4-resource-consumption/3-kernel-resource-usage.md)\n + [Cost-based Vacuum Delay](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/4-resource-consumption/4-cost-based-vacuum-delay.md)\n + [Background Writer](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/4-resource-consumption/5-background-writer.md)\n + [Asynchronous I/O Operations](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/4-resource-consumption/6-asynchronous-io-operations.md)\n + Write Ahead Log\n + [Settings](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/6-write-ahead-log/1-settings.md)\n + [Checkpoints](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/6-write-ahead-log/2-checkpoints.md)\n + [Log Replay](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/6-write-ahead-log/3-log-replay.md)\n + [Archiving](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/6-write-ahead-log/4-archiving.md)\n + HA Replication\n + [Sending Server](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/7-ha-replication/1-sending-server.md)\n + [Primary Server](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/7-ha-replication/2-primary-server.md)\n + [Standby Server](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/7-ha-replication/3-standby-server.md)\n + [Memory Table](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/8-mot.md)\n + Query Planning\n + [Introduction](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/9-query-planning/introduction-to-query-planning.md)\n + [Optimizer Method Configuration](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/9-query-planning/1-optimizer-method-configuration.md)\n + [Optimizer Cost Constants](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/9-query-planning/2-optimizer-cost-constants.md)\n + [Genetic Query Optimizer](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/9-query-planning/3-genetic-query-optimizer.md)\n + [Other Optimizer Options](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/9-query-planning/4-other-optimizer-options.md)\n + Error Reporting and Logging\n + [Logging Destination](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/10-error-reporting-and-logging/1-logging-destination.md)\n + [Logging Time](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/10-error-reporting-and-logging/2-logging-time.md)\n + [Logging Content](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/10-error-reporting-and-logging/3-logging-content.md)\n + [Using CSV Log Output](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/10-error-reporting-and-logging/4-using-csv-log-output.md)\n + [Alarm Detection](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/11-alarm-detection.md)\n + Statistics During the Database Running\n + [Query and Index Statistics Collector](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/12-statistics-during-the-database-running/1-query-and-index-statistics-collector.md)\n + [Performance Statistics](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/12-statistics-during-the-database-running/2-performance-statistics.md)\n + [Load Management](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/13-load-management.md)\n + [Automatic Vacuuming](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/14-automatic-vacuuming.md)\n + Default Settings of Client Connection\n + [Statement Behavior](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/15-default-settings-of-client-connection/1-statement-behavior.md)\n + [Zone and Formatting](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/15-default-settings-of-client-connection/2-zone-and-formatting.md)\n + [Other Default Parameters](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/15-default-settings-of-client-connection/3-other-default-parameters.md)\n + [Lock Management](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/16-lock-management.md)\n + Version and Platform Compatibility\n + [Compatibility with Earlier Versions](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/17-version-and-platform-compatibility/1-compatibility-with-earlier-versions.md)\n + [Platform and Client Compatibility](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/17-version-and-platform-compatibility/2-platform-and-client-compatibility.md)\n + [Faut Tolerance](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/18-fault-tolerance.md)\n + [Connection Pool Parameters](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/19-connection-pool-parameters.md)\n + [MogDB Transaction](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/20-MogDB-transaction.md)\n + [Developer Options](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/21-developer-options.md)\n + Auditing\n + [Audit Switch](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/22-auditing/1-audit-switch.md)\n + [User and Permission Audit](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/22-auditing/2-user-and-permission-audit.md)\n + [Operation Auditing](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/22-auditing/3-operation-audit.md)\n + [SQL Mode](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/SQL-mode.md)\n + [Upgrade Parameters](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/23-upgrade-parameters.md)\n + [Miscellaneous Parameters](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/24-miscellaneous-parameters.md)\n + [Wait Events](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/25-wait-events.md)\n + [Query](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/26-query.md)\n + [System Performance Snapshot](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/27-system-performance-snapshot.md)\n + [Security Configuration](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/27.1-security-configuration.md)\n + [Global Temporary Table](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/29-global-temporary-table.md)\n + [HyperLogLog](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/29.1-HyperLogLog.md)\n + [Scheduled Task](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/31-scheduled-task.md)\n + [Thread Pool](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/32-thread-pool.md)\n + [User-defined Functions](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/33-user-defined-functions.md)\n + [Backup and Restoration](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/34-backup-and-restoration.md)\n + [DCF Parameters Settings](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/36-DCF-parameters-settings.md)\n + [Flashback](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/37-flashback.md)\n + [Rollback Parameters](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/38-rollback-parameters.md)\n + [Reserved Parameters](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/39-reserved-parameters.md)\n + [AI Features](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/40-AI-features.md)\n + [Global SysCache Parameters](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/global-syscache-parameters.md)\n + [Appendix](/reference-guide/guc-parameters/30-appendix.md)\n + Schema\n + Information Schema\n + [Overview](/reference-guide/schema/information-schema/1-information-schema-overview.md)\n + [_PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPERS](/reference-guide/schema/information-schema/2-_PG_FOREIGN_DATA_WRAPPERS.md)\n + [_PG_FOREIGN_SERVERS](/reference-guide/schema/information-schema/3-_PG_FOREIGN_SERVERS.md)\n + [_PG_FOREIGN_TABLE_COLUMNS](/reference-guide/schema/information-schema/4-_PG_FOREIGN_TABLE_COLUMNS.md)\n + [_PG_FOREIGN_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/information-schema/5-_PG_FOREIGN_TABLES.md)\n + [_PG_USER_MAPPINGS](/reference-guide/schema/information-schema/6-_PG_USER_MAPPINGS.md)\n + [INFORMATION_SCHEMA_CATALOG_NAME](/reference-guide/schema/information-schema/7-INFORMATION_SCHEMA_CATALOG_NAME.md)\n + DBE_PERF\n + [Overview](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/DBE_PERF_overview.md)\n + OS\n + [OS_RUNTIME](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/os/OS_RUNTIME.md)\n + [GLOBAL_OS_RUNTIME](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/os/GLOBAL_OS_RUNTIME.md)\n + [OS_THREADS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/os/OS_THREADS.md)\n + [GLOBAL_OS_THREADS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/os/GLOBAL_OS_THREADS.md)\n + Instance\n + [INSTANCE_TIME](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/instance/INSTANCE_TIME.md)\n + [GLOBAL_INSTANCE_TIME](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/instance/GLOBAL_INSTANCE_TIME.md)\n + Memory\n + [MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/memory/MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL.md)\n + [GLOBAL_MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/memory/GLOBAL_MEMORY_NODE_DETAIL.md)\n + [GS_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/memory/GS_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL.md)\n + [GLOBAL_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/memory/GLOBAL_SHARED_MEMORY_DETAIL.md)\n + File\n + [FILE_IOSTAT](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/file/FILE_IOSTAT.md)\n + [SUMMARY_FILE_IOSTAT](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/file/SUMMARY_FILE_IOSTAT.md)\n + [GLOBAL_FILE_IOSTAT](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/file/GLOBAL_FILE_IOSTAT.md)\n + [FILE_REDO_IOSTAT](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/file/FILE_REDO_IOSTAT.md)\n + [SUMMARY_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/file/SUMMARY_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT.md)\n + [GLOBAL_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/file/GLOBAL_FILE_REDO_IOSTAT.md)\n + [LOCAL_REL_IOSTAT](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/file/LOCAL_REL_IOSTAT.md)\n + [GLOBAL_REL_IOSTAT](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/file/GLOBAL_REL_IOSTAT.md)\n + [SUMMARY_REL_IOSTAT](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/file/SUMMARY_REL_IOSTAT.md)\n + Object\n + [STAT_USER_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/STAT_USER_TABLES.md)\n + [SUMMARY_STAT_USER_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/SUMMARY_STAT_USER_TABLES.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STAT_USER_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/GLOBAL_STAT_USER_TABLES.md)\n + [STAT_USER_INDEXES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/STAT_USER_INDEXES.md)\n + [SUMMARY_STAT_USER_INDEXES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/SUMMARY_STAT_USER_INDEXES.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STAT_USER_INDEXES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/GLOBAL_STAT_USER_INDEXES.md)\n + [STAT_SYS_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/STAT_SYS_TABLES.md)\n + [SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_TABLES.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_TABLES.md)\n + [STAT_SYS_INDEXES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/STAT_SYS_INDEXES.md)\n + [SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_INDEXES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/SUMMARY_STAT_SYS_INDEXES.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_INDEXES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/GLOBAL_STAT_SYS_INDEXES.md)\n + [STAT_ALL_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/STAT_ALL_TABLES.md)\n + [SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_TABLES.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_TABLES.md)\n + [STAT_ALL_INDEXES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/STAT_ALL_INDEXES.md)\n + [SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_INDEXES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/SUMMARY_STAT_ALL_INDEXES.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_INDEXES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/GLOBAL_STAT_ALL_INDEXES.md)\n + [STAT_DATABASE](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/STAT_DATABASE.md)\n + [SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE.md)\n + [STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS.md)\n + [SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/SUMMARY_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/GLOBAL_STAT_DATABASE_CONFLICTS.md)\n + [STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES.md)\n + [SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_ALL_TABLES.md)\n + [STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES.md)\n + [SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_SYS_TABLES.md)\n + [STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES.md)\n + [SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_TABLES.md)\n + [STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS.md)\n + [SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/SUMMARY_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/GLOBAL_STAT_XACT_USER_FUNCTIONS.md)\n + [STAT_BAD_BLOCK](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/STAT_BAD_BLOCK.md)\n + [SUMMARY_STAT_BAD_BLOCK](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/SUMMARY_STAT_BAD_BLOCK.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STAT_BAD_BLOCK](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/GLOBAL_STAT_BAD_BLOCK.md)\n + [STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS.md)\n + [SUMMARY_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/SUMMARY_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/object/GLOBAL_STAT_USER_FUNCTIONS.md)\n + Workload\n + [WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/workload/WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT.md)\n + [SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/workload/SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_COUNT.md)\n + [WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/workload/WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION.md)\n + [SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/workload/SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION.md)\n + [GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/workload/GLOBAL_WORKLOAD_TRANSACTION.md)\n + [WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/workload/WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME.md)\n + [SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/workload/SUMMARY_WORKLOAD_SQL_ELAPSE_TIME.md)\n + [USER_TRANSACTION](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/workload/USER_TRANSACTION.md)\n + [GLOBAL_USER_TRANSACTION](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/workload/GLOBAL_USER_TRANSACTION.md)\n + Session/Thread\n + [SESSION_STAT](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/session-thread/SESSION_STAT.md)\n + [GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/session-thread/GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT.md)\n + [SESSION_TIME](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/session-thread/SESSION_TIME.md)\n + [GLOBAL_SESSION_TIME](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/session-thread/GLOBAL_SESSION_TIME.md)\n + [SESSION_MEMORY](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/session-thread/SESSION_MEMORY.md)\n + [GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/session-thread/GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY.md)\n + [SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/session-thread/SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL.md)\n + [GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/session-thread/GLOBAL_SESSION_MEMORY_DETAIL.md)\n + [SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/session-thread/SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY.md)\n + [GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/session-thread/GLOBAL_SESSION_STAT_ACTIVITY.md)\n + [THREAD_WAIT_STATUS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/session-thread/THREAD_WAIT_STATUS.md)\n + [GLOBAL_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/session-thread/GLOBAL_THREAD_WAIT_STATUS.md)\n + [LOCAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/session-thread/LOCAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS.md)\n + [GLOBAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/session-thread/GLOBAL_THREADPOOL_STATUS.md)\n + [SESSION_CPU_RUNTIME](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/session-thread/SESSION_CPU_RUNTIME.md)\n + [SESSION_MEMORY_RUNTIME](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/session-thread/SESSION_MEMORY_RUNTIME.md)\n + [STATEMENT_IOSTAT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/session-thread/STATEMENT_IOSTAT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME.md)\n + [LOCAL_ACTIVE_SESSION](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/session-thread/LOCAL_ACTIVE_SESSION.md)\n + Transaction\n + [TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/transaction/TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS.md)\n + [SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/transaction/SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS.md)\n + [GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/transaction/GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_PREPARED_XACTS.md)\n + [TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/transaction/TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS.md)\n + [SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/transaction/SUMMARY_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS.md)\n + [GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/transaction/GLOBAL_TRANSACTIONS_RUNNING_XACTS.md)\n + Query\n + [STATEMENT](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/query/STATEMENT.md)\n + [SUMMARY_STATEMENT](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/query/SUMMARY_STATEMENT.md)\n + [STATEMENT_COUNT](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/query/STATEMENT_COUNT.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COUNT](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/query/GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COUNT.md)\n + [SUMMARY_STATEMENT_COUNT](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/query/SUMMARY_STATEMENT_COUNT.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/query/GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY_TABLE](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/query/GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY_TABLE.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/query/GLOBAL_STATEMENT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME.md)\n + [STATEMENT_RESPONSETIME_PERCENTILE](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/query/STATEMENT_RESPONSETIME_PERCENTILE.md)\n + [STATEMENT_USER_COMPLEX_HISTORY](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/query/STATEMENT_USER_COMPLEX_HISTORY.md)\n + [STATEMENT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/query/STATEMENT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME.md)\n + [STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY_TABLE](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/query/STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY_TABLE.md)\n + [STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/query/STATEMENT_COMPLEX_HISTORY.md)\n + [STATEMENT_WLMSTAT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/query/STATEMENT_WLMSTAT_COMPLEX_RUNTIME.md)\n + [STATEMENT_HISTORY](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/query/STATEMENT_HISTORY_1.md)\n + Cache/IO\n + [STATIO_USER_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/STATIO_USER_TABLES.md)\n + [SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_TABLES.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_TABLES.md)\n + [STATIO_USER_INDEXES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/STATIO_USER_INDEXES.md)\n + [SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_INDEXES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_INDEXES.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_INDEXES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_INDEXES.md)\n + [STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES.md)\n + [SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/SUMMARY_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/GLOBAL_STATIO_USER_SEQUENCES.md)\n + [STATIO_SYS_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/STATIO_SYS_TABLES.md)\n + [SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_TABLES.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_TABLES.md)\n + [STATIO_SYS_INDEXES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/STATIO_SYS_INDEXES.md)\n + [SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_INDEXES.md)\n + [STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES.md)\n + [SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/SUMMARY_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/GLOBAL_STATIO_SYS_SEQUENCES.md)\n + [STATIO_ALL_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/STATIO_ALL_TABLES.md)\n + [SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_TABLES.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_TABLES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_TABLES.md)\n + [STATIO_ALL_INDEXES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/STATIO_ALL_INDEXES.md)\n + [SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_INDEXES.md)\n + [STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES.md)\n + [SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/SUMMARY_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/GLOBAL_STATIO_ALL_SEQUENCES.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STAT_DB_CU](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/GLOBAL_STAT_DB_CU.md)\n + [GLOBAL_STAT_SESSION_CU](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/cache-io/GLOBAL_STAT_SESSION_CU.md)\n + Utility\n + [REPLICATION_STAT](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/utility/REPLICATION_STAT.md)\n + [GLOBAL_REPLICATION_STAT](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/utility/GLOBAL_REPLICATION_STAT.md)\n + [REPLICATION_SLOTS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/utility/REPLICATION_SLOTS.md)\n + [GLOBAL_REPLICATION_SLOTS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/utility/GLOBAL_REPLICATION_SLOTS.md)\n + [BGWRITER_STAT](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/utility/BGWRITER_STAT.md)\n + [GLOBAL_BGWRITER_STAT](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/utility/GLOBAL_BGWRITER_STAT.md)\n + [GLOBAL_CKPT_STATUS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/utility/GLOBAL_CKPT_STATUS.md)\n + [GLOBAL_DOUBLE_WRITE_STATUS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/utility/GLOBAL_DOUBLE_WRITE_STATUS.md)\n + [GLOBAL_PAGEWRITER_STATUS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/utility/GLOBAL_PAGEWRITER_STATUS.md)\n + [GLOBAL_RECORD_RESET_TIME](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/utility/GLOBAL_RECORD_RESET_TIME.md)\n + [GLOBAL_REDO_STATUS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/utility/GLOBAL_REDO_STATUS.md)\n + [GLOBAL_RECOVERY_STATUS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/utility/GLOBAL_RECOVERY_STATUS.md)\n + [CLASS_VITAL_INFO](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/utility/CLASS_VITAL_INFO.md)\n + [USER_LOGIN](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/utility/USER_LOGIN.md)\n + [SUMMARY_USER_LOGIN](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/utility/SUMMARY_USER_LOGIN.md)\n + [GLOBAL_GET_BGWRITER_STATUS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/utility/GLOBAL_GET_BGWRITER_STATUS.md)\n + [GLOBAL_SINGLE_FLUSH_DW_STATUS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/utility/GLOBAL_SINGLE_FLUSH_DW_STATUS.md)\n + [GLOBAL_CANDIDATE_STATUS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/utility/GLOBAL_CANDIDATE_STATUS.md)\n + Lock\n + [LOCKS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/lock/LOCKS.md)\n + [GLOBAL_LOCKS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/lock/GLOBAL_LOCKS.md)\n + Wait Events\n + [WAIT_EVENTS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/wait-events/WAIT_EVENTS.md)\n + [GLOBAL_WAIT_EVENTS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/wait-events/GLOBAL_WAIT_EVENTS.md)\n + Configuration\n + [CONFIG_SETTINGS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/configuration/CONFIG_SETTINGS.md)\n + [GLOBAL_CONFIG_SETTINGS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/configuration/GLOBAL_CONFIG_SETTINGS.md)\n + Operator\n + [OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/operator/OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE.md)\n + [OPERATOR_HISTORY](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/operator/OPERATOR_HISTORY.md)\n + [OPERATOR_RUNTIME](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/operator/OPERATOR_RUNTIME.md)\n + [GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/operator/GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY.md)\n + [GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/operator/GLOBAL_OPERATOR_HISTORY_TABLE.md)\n + [GLOBAL_OPERATOR_RUNTIME](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/operator/GLOBAL_OPERATOR_RUNTIME.md)\n + Workload Manager\n + [WLM_USER_RESOURCE_CONFIG](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/workload-manager/WLM_USER_RESOURCE_CONFIG.md)\n + [WLM_USER_RESOURCE_RUNTIME](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/workload-manager/WLM_USER_RESOURCE_RUNTIME.md)\n + Global Plancache\n + [Overview](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/global-plancache/global-plancache-overview.md)\n + [GLOBAL_PLANCACHE_STATUS](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/global-plancache/GLOBAL_PLANCACHE_STATUS.md)\n + [GLOBAL_PLANCACHE_CLEAN](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/global-plancache/GLOBAL_PLANCACHE_CLEAN.md)\n + RTO\n + [global_rto_status](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PERF/rto/global_rto_status.md)\n + DBE_PLDEBUGGER Schema\n + [Overview](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER-schema/overview-of-DBE_PLDEBUGGER-schema.md)\n + [DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_on](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER-schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_on.md)\n + [DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_off](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER-schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER.turn_off.md)\n + [DBE_PLDEBUGGER.local_debug_server_info](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER-schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER.local_debug_server_info.md)\n + [DBE_PLDEBUGGER.attach](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER-schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER.attach.md)\n + [DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_locals](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER-schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_locals.md)\n + [DBE_PLDEBUGGER.next](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER-schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER.next.md)\n + [DBE_PLDEBUGGER.continue](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER-schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER.continue.md)\n + [DBE_PLDEBUGGER.abort](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER-schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER.abort.md)\n + [DBE_PLDEBUGGER.print_var](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER-schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER.print_var.md)\n + [DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_code](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER-schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_code.md)\n + [DBE_PLDEBUGGER.step](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER-schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER.step.md)\n + [DBE_PLDEBUGGER.add_breakpoint](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER-schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER.add_breakpoint.md)\n + [DBE_PLDEBUGGER.delete_breakpoint](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER-schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER.delete_breakpoint.md)\n + [DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_breakpoints](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER-schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER.info_breakpoints.md)\n + [DBE_PLDEBUGGER.backtrace](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER-schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER.backtrace.md)\n + [DBE_PLDEBUGGER.disable_breakpoint](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER-schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER.disable_breakpoint.md)\n + [DBE_PLDEBUGGER.enable_breakpoint](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER-schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER.enable_breakpoint.md)\n + [DBE_PLDEBUGGER.finish](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER-schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER.finish.md)\n + [DBE_PLDEBUGGER.set_var](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER-schema/DBE_PLDEBUGGER.set_var.md)\n + DB4AI Schema\n + [Overview](/reference-guide/schema/DB4AI-schema/overview-of-DB4AI-schema.md)\n + [DB4AI.SNAPSHOT](/reference-guide/schema/DB4AI-schema/DB4AI.SNAPSHOT.md)\n + [DB4AI.CREATE_SNAPSHOT](/reference-guide/schema/DB4AI-schema/DB4AI.CREATE_SNAPSHOT.md)\n + [DB4AI.CREATE_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL](/reference-guide/schema/DB4AI-schema/DB4AI.CREATE_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL.md)\n + [DB4AI.PREPARE_SNAPSHOT](/reference-guide/schema/DB4AI-schema/DB4AI.PREPARE_SNAPSHOT.md)\n + [DB4AI.PREPARE_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL](/reference-guide/schema/DB4AI-schema/DB4AI.PREPARE_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL.md)\n + [DB4AI.ARCHIVE_SNAPSHOT](/reference-guide/schema/DB4AI-schema/DB4AI.ARCHIVE_SNAPSHOT.md)\n + [DB4AI.PUBLISH_SNAPSHOT](/reference-guide/schema/DB4AI-schema/DB4AI.PUBLISH_SNAPSHOT.md)\n + [DB4AI.MANAGE_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL](/reference-guide/schema/DB4AI-schema/DB4AI.MANAGE_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL.md)\n + [DB4AI.SAMPLE_SNAPSHOT](/reference-guide/schema/DB4AI-schema/DB4AI.SAMPLE_SNAPSHOT.md)\n + [DB4AI.PURGE_SNAPSHOT](/reference-guide/schema/DB4AI-schema/DB4AI.PURGE_SNAPSHOT.md)\n + [DB4AI.PURGE_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL](/reference-guide/schema/DB4AI-schema/DB4AI.PURGE_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL.md)\n + [DBE_PLDEVELOPER](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PLDEVELOPER/overview-of-DBE_PLDEVELOPER.md)\n + [DBE_PLDEVELOPER.gs_source](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PLDEVELOPER/DBE_PLDEVELOPER.gs_source.md)\n + [DBE_PLDEVELOPER.gs_errors](/reference-guide/schema/DBE_PLDEVELOPER/DBE_PLDEVELOPER.gs_errors.md)\n + Tool Reference\n + [Tool Overview](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tool-overview.md)\n + [Client Tool](/reference-guide/tool-reference/client-tool/client-tool.md)\n + [gsql](./reference-guide/tool-reference/client-tool/1-gsql.md)\n + Server Tools\n + [gs_cgroup](/reference-guide/tool-reference/server-tools/0-gs_cgroup.md)\n + [gs_check](/reference-guide/tool-reference/server-tools/1-gs_check.md)\n + [gs_checkos](/reference-guide/tool-reference/server-tools/2-gs_checkos.md)\n + [gs_checkperf](/reference-guide/tool-reference/server-tools/3-gs_checkperf.md)\n + [gs_collector](/reference-guide/tool-reference/server-tools/4-gs_collector.md)\n + [gs_dump](/reference-guide/tool-reference/server-tools/5-gs_dump.md)\n + [gs_dumpall](/reference-guide/tool-reference/server-tools/6-gs_dumpall.md)\n + [gs_guc](/reference-guide/tool-reference/server-tools/7-gs_guc.md)\n + [gs_gucquery](/reference-guide/tool-reference/server-tools/gs_gucquery.md)\n + [gs_encrypt](/reference-guide/tool-reference/server-tools/7.1-gs_encrypt.md)\n + [gs_om](/reference-guide/tool-reference/server-tools/8-gs_om.md)\n + [gs_restore](/reference-guide/tool-reference/server-tools/9-gs_restore.md)\n + [gs_ssh](/reference-guide/tool-reference/server-tools/10-gs_ssh.md)\n + [gs_watch](/reference-guide/tool-reference/server-tools/gs_watch.md)\n + Tools Used in the Internal System\n + [mogdb](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/1-mogdb.md)\n + [gs_backup](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/2-gs_backup.md)\n + [gs_basebackup](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/3-gs_basebackup.md)\n + [gs_ctl](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/4-gs_ctl.md)\n + [gs_initdb](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/5-gs_initdb.md)\n + [gs_install](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/6-gs_install.md)\n + [gs_install_plugin](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/gs_install_plugin.md)\n + [gs_install_plugin_local](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/gs_install_plugin_local.md)\n + [gs_preinstall](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/8-gs_preinstall.md)\n + [gs_sshexkey](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/9-gs_sshexkey.md)\n + [gs_tar](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/10-gs_tar.md)\n + [gs_uninstall](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/11-gs_uninstall.md)\n + [gs_upgradectl](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/12-gs_upgradectl.md)\n + [gs_expansion](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/13-gs_expansion.md)\n + [gs_dropnode](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/14-gs_dropnode.md)\n + [gs_probackup](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/15-gs_probackup.md)\n + [gstrace](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/16-gstrace.md)\n + [kdb5_util](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/17-kdb5_util.md)\n + [kadmin.local](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/18-kadmin-local.md)\n + [kinit](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/19-kinit.md)\n + [klist](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/20-klist.md)\n + [krb5kdc](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/21-krb5kdc.md)\n + [kdestroy](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/22-kdestroy.md)\n + [pg_config](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/23-pg_config.md)\n + [pg_controldata](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/24-pg_controldata.md)\n + [pg_recvlogical](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/24.1-pg_recvlogical.md)\n + [pg_resetxlog](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/25-pg_resetxlog.md)\n + [pg_archivecleanup](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/26-pg_archivecleanup.md)\n + [pssh](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/27-pssh.md)\n + [pscp](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/28-pscp.md)\n + [transfer.py](/reference-guide/tool-reference/tools-used-in-the-internal-system/29-transfer.py.md)\n + [Unified Database Management Tool](/reference-guide/tool-reference/unified-database-management-tool.md)\n + [FAQ](/reference-guide/tool-reference/FAQ.md)\n + [Functions of MogDB Executable Scripts](/reference-guide/tool-reference/functions-of-mogdb-executable-scripts.md)\n + [System Catalogs and Views Supported by gs_collector](/reference-guide/tool-reference/system-catalogs-and-views-supported-by-gs_collector.md)\n + Extension Reference\n + [dblink](/reference-guide/oracle-plugins/dblink-user-guide.md)\n + [orafce](/reference-guide/oracle-plugins/orafce-user-guide.md)\n + [pg_bulkload](/reference-guide/oracle-plugins/pg_bulkload-user-guide.md)\n + [pg_prewarm](/reference-guide/oracle-plugins/pg_prewarm-user-guide.md)\n + [pg_repack](/reference-guide/oracle-plugins/pg_repack-user-guide.md)\n + [pg_trgm](/reference-guide/oracle-plugins/pg_trgm-user-guide.md)\n + PostGIS\n + [Overview](/reference-guide/oracle-plugins/postgis-extension/postgis-overview.md)\n + [PostGIS Support and Constraints](/reference-guide/oracle-plugins/postgis-extension/postgis-support-and-constraints.md)\n + [Using PostGIS](/reference-guide/oracle-plugins/postgis-extension/using-postgis.md)\n + [wal2json](/reference-guide/oracle-plugins/wal2json-user-guide.md)\n + [whale](/reference-guide/oracle-plugins/whale.md)\n + Error Code Reference\n + [Description of SQL Error Codes](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/description-of-sql-error-codes.md)\n + [Third-Party Library Error Codes](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/third-party-library-error-codes.md)\n + [GAUSS-00001 - GAUSS-00100](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/1-GAUSS-00001-GAUSS-00100.md)\n + [GAUSS-00101 - GAUSS-00200](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/2-GAUSS-00101-GAUSS-00200.md)\n + [GAUSS 00201 - GAUSS 00300](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/3-GAUSS-00201-GAUSS-00300.md)\n + [GAUSS 00301 - GAUSS 00400](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/4-GAUSS-00301-GAUSS-00400.md)\n + [GAUSS 00401 - GAUSS 00500](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/5-GAUSS-00401-GAUSS-00500.md)\n + [GAUSS 00501 - GAUSS 00600](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/6-GAUSS-00501-GAUSS-00600.md)\n + [GAUSS 00601 - GAUSS 00700](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/7-GAUSS-00601-GAUSS-00700.md)\n + [GAUSS 00701 - GAUSS 00800](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/8-GAUSS-00701-GAUSS-00800.md)\n + [GAUSS 00801 - GAUSS 00900](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/9-GAUSS-00801-GAUSS-00900.md)\n + [GAUSS 00901 - GAUSS 01000](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/10-GAUSS-00901-GAUSS-01000.md)\n + [GAUSS 01001 - GAUSS 01100](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/11-GAUSS-01001-GAUSS-01100.md)\n + [GAUSS 01101 - GAUSS 01200](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/12-GAUSS-01101-GAUSS-01200.md)\n + [GAUSS 01201 - GAUSS 01300](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/13-GAUSS-01201-GAUSS-01300.md)\n + [GAUSS 01301 - GAUSS 01400](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/14-GAUSS-01301-GAUSS-01400.md)\n + [GAUSS 01401 - GAUSS 01500](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/15-GAUSS-01401-GAUSS-01500.md)\n + [GAUSS 01501 - GAUSS 01600](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/16-GAUSS-01501-GAUSS-01600.md)\n + [GAUSS 01601 - GAUSS 01700](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/17-GAUSS-01601-GAUSS-01700.md)\n + [GAUSS 01701 - GAUSS 01800](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/18-GAUSS-01701-GAUSS-01800.md)\n + [GAUSS 01801 - GAUSS 01900](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/19-GAUSS-01801-GAUSS-01900.md)\n + [GAUSS 01901 - GAUSS 02000](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/20-GAUSS-01901-GAUSS-02000.md)\n + [GAUSS 02001 - GAUSS 02100](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/21-GAUSS-02001-GAUSS-02100.md)\n + [GAUSS 02101 - GAUSS 02200](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/22-GAUSS-02101-GAUSS-02200.md)\n + [GAUSS 02201 - GAUSS 02300](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/23-GAUSS-02201-GAUSS-02300.md)\n + [GAUSS 02301 - GAUSS 02400](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/24-GAUSS-02301-GAUSS-02400.md)\n + [GAUSS 02401 - GAUSS 02500](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/25-GAUSS-02401-GAUSS-02500.md)\n + [GAUSS 02501 - GAUSS 02600](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/26-GAUSS-02501-GAUSS-02600.md)\n + [GAUSS 02601 - GAUSS 02700](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/27-GAUSS-02601-GAUSS-02700.md)\n + [GAUSS 02701 - GAUSS 02800](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/28-GAUSS-02701-GAUSS-02800.md)\n + [GAUSS 02801 - GAUSS 02900](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/29-GAUSS-02801-GAUSS-02900.md)\n + [GAUSS 02901 - GAUSS 03000](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/30-GAUSS-02901-GAUSS-03000.md)\n + [GAUSS 03001 - GAUSS 03100](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/31-GAUSS-03001-GAUSS-03100.md)\n + [GAUSS 03101 - GAUSS 03200](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/32-GAUSS-03101-GAUSS-03200.md)\n + [GAUSS 03201 - GAUSS 03300](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/33-GAUSS-03201-GAUSS-03300.md)\n + [GAUSS 03301 - GAUSS 03400](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/34-GAUSS-03301-GAUSS-03400.md)\n + [GAUSS 03401 - GAUSS 03500](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/35-GAUSS-03401-GAUSS-03500.md)\n + [GAUSS 03501 - GAUSS 03600](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/36-GAUSS-03501-GAUSS-03600.md)\n + [GAUSS 03601 - GAUSS 03700](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/37-GAUSS-03601-GAUSS-03700.md)\n + [GAUSS 03701 - GAUSS 03800](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/38-GAUSS-03701-GAUSS-03800.md)\n + [GAUSS 03801 - GAUSS 03900](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/39-GAUSS-03801-GAUSS-03900.md)\n + [GAUSS 03901 - GAUSS 04000](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/40-GAUSS-03901-GAUSS-04000.md)\n + [GAUSS 04001 - GAUSS 04100](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/41-GAUSS-04001-GAUSS-04100.md)\n + [GAUSS 04101 - GAUSS 04200](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/42-GAUSS-04101-GAUSS-04200.md)\n + [GAUSS 04201 - GAUSS 04300](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/43-GAUSS-04201-GAUSS-04300.md)\n + [GAUSS 04301 - GAUSS 04400](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/44-GAUSS-04301-GAUSS-04400.md)\n + [GAUSS 04401 - GAUSS 04500](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/45-GAUSS-04401-GAUSS-04500.md)\n + [GAUSS 04501 - GAUSS 04600](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/46-GAUSS-04501-GAUSS-04600.md)\n + [GAUSS 04601 - GAUSS 04700](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/47-GAUSS-04601-GAUSS-04700.md)\n + [GAUSS 04701 - GAUSS 04800](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/48-GAUSS-04701-GAUSS-04800.md)\n + [GAUSS 04801 - GAUSS 04900](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/49-GAUSS-04801-GAUSS-04900.md)\n + [GAUSS 04901 - GAUSS 05000](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/50-GAUSS-04901-GAUSS-05000.md)\n + [GAUSS 05001 - GAUSS 05100](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/51-GAUSS-05001-GAUSS-05100.md)\n + [GAUSS 05101 - GAUSS 05200](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/52-GAUSS-05101-GAUSS-05200.md)\n + [GAUSS 05201 - GAUSS 05300](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/53-GAUSS-05201-GAUSS-05300.md)\n + [GAUSS 05301 - GAUSS 05400](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/54-GAUSS-05301-GAUSS-05400.md)\n + [GAUSS 05401 - GAUSS 05500](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/55-GAUSS-05401-GAUSS-05500.md)\n + [GAUSS 05501 - GAUSS 05600](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/56-GAUSS-05501-GAUSS-05600.md)\n + [GAUSS 05601 - GAUSS 05700](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/57-GAUSS-05601-GAUSS-05700.md)\n + [GAUSS 05701 - GAUSS 05800](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/58-GAUSS-05701-GAUSS-05800.md)\n + [GAUSS 05801 - GAUSS 05900](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/59-GAUSS-05801-GAUSS-05900.md)\n + [GAUSS 05901 - GAUSS 06000](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/60-GAUSS-05901-GAUSS-06000.md)\n + [GAUSS 06001 - GAUSS 06100](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/61-GAUSS-06001-GAUSS-06100.md)\n + [GAUSS 06101 - GAUSS 06200](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/62-GAUSS-06101-GAUSS-06200.md)\n + [GAUSS 06201 - GAUSS 06300](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/63-GAUSS-06201-GAUSS-06300.md)\n + [GAUSS 06301 - GAUSS 06400](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/64-GAUSS-06301-GAUSS-06400.md)\n + [GAUSS 06401 - GAUSS 06500](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/65-GAUSS-06401-GAUSS-06500.md)\n + [GAUSS 06501 - GAUSS 06600](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/66-GAUSS-06501-GAUSS-06600.md)\n + [GAUSS 06601 - GAUSS 06700](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/67-GAUSS-06601-GAUSS-06700.md)\n + [GAUSS 06701 - GAUSS 06800](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/68-GAUSS-06701-GAUSS-06800.md)\n + [GAUSS 06801 - GAUSS 06900](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/69-GAUSS-06801-GAUSS-06900.md)\n + [GAUSS 06901 - GAUSS 07000](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/70-GAUSS-06901-GAUSS-07000.md)\n + [GAUSS 07001 - GAUSS 07100](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/71-GAUSS-07001-GAUSS-07100.md)\n + [GAUSS 07101 - GAUSS 07200](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/72-GAUSS-07101-GAUSS-07200.md)\n + [GAUSS 07201 - GAUSS 07300](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/73-GAUSS-07201-GAUSS-07300.md)\n + [GAUSS 07301 - GAUSS 07400](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/74-GAUSS-07301-GAUSS-07400.md)\n + [GAUSS 07401 - GAUSS 07480](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/75-GAUSS-07401-GAUSS-07480.md)\n + [GAUSS 50000 - GAUSS 50999](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/76-GAUSS-50000-GAUSS-50999.md)\n + [GAUSS 51000 - GAUSS 51999](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/77-GAUSS-51000-GAUSS-51999.md)\n + [GAUSS 52000 - GAUSS 52999](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/78-GAUSS-52000-GAUSS-52999.md)\n + [GAUSS 53000 - GAUSS 53699](/reference-guide/error-code-reference/79-GAUSS-53000-GAUSS-53699.md)\n + Error Log Reference\n + [Kernel Error Message](/reference-guide/error-log-reference/kernel-error-message.md)\n+ Common Faults and Identification\n + [Common Fault Locating Methods](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-methods.md)\n + Common Fault Locating Cases\n + Core Fault Locating\n + [Core Dump Occurs due to Full Disk Space](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-cases/1-core-fault-locating/1-core-dump-occurs-due-to-full-disk-space.md)\n + [Core Dump Occurs Due to Incorrect Settings of GUC Parameter log_directory](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-cases/1-core-fault-locating/2-core-dump-occurs-due-to-incorrect-settings-of-guc-parameter-log-directory.md)\n + [Core Dump Occurs when RemoveIPC Is Enabled](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-cases/1-core-fault-locating/3-core-dump-occurs-when-removeipc-is-enabled.md)\n + [Core Dump Occurs After Installation on x86](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-cases/1-core-fault-locating/4-core-dump-occurs-after-installation-on-x86.md)\n + Permission/Session/Data Type Fault Location\n + [Forcibly Terminating a Session](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-cases/13-forcibly-terminating-a-session.md)\n + [Different Data Is Displayed for the Same Table Queried By Multiple Users](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-cases/19-different-data-is-displayed.md)\n + [An Error Occurs During Integer Conversion](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-cases/22-an-error-occurs-during-integer-conversion.md)\n + Service/High Availability/Concurrency Fault Location\n + [Standby Node in the Need Repair (WAL) State](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-cases/3-standby-node-in-the-need-repair-state.md)\n + [Service Startup Failure](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-cases/5-service-startup-failure.md)\n + [Primary Node Is Hung in Demoting During a Switchover](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-cases/9-primary-node-is-hung-in-demoting.md)\n + [\"too many clients already\" Is Reported or Threads Failed To Be Created in High Concurrency Scenarios](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-cases/23-too-many-clients-already.md)\n + Table/Partition Table Fault Location\n + [Table Size Does not Change After VACUUM FULL Is Executed on the Table](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-cases/17-table-size-does-not-change.md)\n + [An Error Is Reported When the Table Partition Is Modified](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-cases/18-an-error-is-reported-when-the-table-partition-is-modified.md)\n + File System/Disk/Memory Fault Location\n + [After You Run the du Command to Query Data File Size In the XFS File System, the Query Result Is Greater than the Actual File Size](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-cases/7-after-you-run-the-du-command.md)\n + [File Is Damaged in the XFS File System](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-cases/8-file-is-damaged-in-the-xfs-file-system.md)\n + [Insufficient Memory](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-cases/4-insufficient-memory.md)\n + [\"Error:No space left on device\" Is Displayed](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-cases/6-error-no-space-left-on-device-is-displayed.md)\n + [When the TPC-C is running and a disk to be injected is full, the TPC-C stops responding](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-cases/2-when-the-tpcc-is-running.md)\n + [Disk Space Usage Reaches the Threshold and the Database Becomes Read-only](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-cases/10-disk-space-usage-reaches-the-threshold.md)\n + SQL Fault Location\n + [\"Lock wait timeout\" Is Displayed When a User Executes an SQL Statement](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-cases/16-lock-wait-timeout-is-displayed.md)\n + [Analyzing Whether a Query Statement Is Blocked](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-cases/14-analyzing-whether-a-query-statement-is-blocked.md)\n + [Low Query Efficiency](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-cases/15-low-query-efficiency.md)\n + [Slow Response to a Query Statement](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-cases/11-slow-response-to-a-query-statement.md)\n + [Analyzing the Status of a Query Statement](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-cases/12-analyzing-the-status-of-a-query-statement.md)\n + Index Fault Location\n + [When a User Specifies Only an Index Name to Modify the Index, A Message Indicating That the Index Does Not Exist Is Displayed](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-cases/20-when-a-user-specifies-only-an-index-name.md)\n + [Reindexing Fails](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-cases/21-reindexing-fails.md)\n + [B-tree Index Faults](/common-faults-and-identification/common-fault-locating-cases/24-b-tree-index-faults.md)\n+ [Source Code Parsing](/source-code-parsing.md)\n+ FAQs\n + [Product FAQs](/faqs/product-faqs.md)\n + [Application Development FAQs](/faqs/application-development-faqs.md)\n + [Deployment and Maintenance FAQs](/faqs/deployment-and-maintenance-faqs.md)\n + [Upgrade FAQs](/faqs/upgrade-faqs.md)\n + [High Availability FAQs](/faqs/high-availability-faqs.md)\n + [Migration FAQs](/faqs/migration-faqs.md)\n+ [Glossary](/glossary.md)\n+ Mogeaver\n + [Overview](./mogeaver/mogeaver-overview.md)\n + [Release Notes](./mogeaver/mogeaver-release-notes.md)\n"},"supports":{"nodes":[{"fields":{"slug":"/en/mogdb/v2.0/DBMS-RANDOM","version":"v2.0","docType":"mogdb"}},{"fields":{"slug":"/en/mogdb/v2.1/DBMS-RANDOM","version":"v2.1","docType":"mogdb"}},{"fields":{"slug":"/en/mogdb/v3.0/DBMS-RANDOM","version":"v3.0","docType":"mogdb"}},{"fields":{"slug":"/en/mogdb/v3.1/DBMS-RANDOM","version":"v3.1","docType":"mogdb"}},{"fields":{"slug":"/en/mogdb/v5.0/DBMS-RANDOM","version":"v5.0","docType":"mogdb"}},{"fields":{"slug":"/en/mogdb/v6.0/DBMS-RANDOM","version":"v6.0","docType":"mogdb"}}]}},"pageContext":{"tocPath":"/en/mogdb/v3.0/toc","slug":"/en/mogdb/v3.0/DBMS-RANDOM","lang":"en","version":"v3.0","docType":"mogdb","fileName":"DBMS-RANDOM","relativePath":"en/docs-mogdb/v3.0/about-mogdb/open-source-components/DBMS-RANDOM.md","diagramTree":[],"customweight":0}}, "staticQueryHashes": ["3000541721"]}